A self-sustainable wearable multi-modular E-textile bioenergy microgrid system

Yin, Lu; Kim, Kyeong Nam; Lv, Jian; Tehrani, Farshad; Lin, Muyang; Lin, Zuzeng; Moon, Jong Min; Ma, Jessica; Yu, Jialu; Xu, Sheng; Wang, Joseph

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21701-7

Cited by 173 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A phosphate buffer solution–polyvinyl alcohol (PBS–PVA) hydrogel was implemented as the electrolyte that allowed free diffusion of sweat to the electrode surface. [ 22 ] By such design, the wearable BSC can be continuously charged in open circuit mode, then generating stable high‐power pulses on the order of seconds when discharged at a high current (Figure 1D–F).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this issue, hybrid devices that combine energy harvesting and storage modules have been reported. [21,22] For example, we demonstrated previously a stretchable textile-based wearable hybrid BFC-supercapacitor (SC) device, where energy is generated from human sweat by the BFC and stored in the SC for later use. [21] However, these integrated hybrid devices still rely on the external connection of the two separate harvesting and storage modules.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Wearable Biosupercapacitor: Harvesting and Storing Energy from Sweat

Yin

Chen

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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This work demonstrates the first example of sweat-based wearable and stretchable biosupercapacitors (BSCs), capable of generating high-power pulses from human activity. The all-printed, dual-functional, conformal BSC platform can harvest and store energy from sweat lactate. By integrating energy harvesting and storage functionalities on the same footprint of a single epidermal device, the new wearable energy system can deliver highpower pulses and be rapidly self-charged by bioenergy conversion of sweat lactate generated from human activity while simplifying the design and fabrication. The mechanical robustness and conformability of the device are realized through island-bridge patterns and strain-enduring inks. The enhanced capacitance of the BSC is realized by the synergistic effect of carbon nanotube ink with electrodeposited polypyrrole on the anode and of porous cauliflowerlike platinum on the cathode. In the presence of lactate, the BSC shows high power in pulsed output and stable cycling performance. Furthermore, the wearable device can store energy and deliver high-power pulses long after the perspiration stopped. The self-charging hybrid wearable device obtained high power of 1.7 mW cm −2 in vitro, and 343 µW cm −2 on the body during exercise, suggesting considerable potential as a power source for the next generation of wearable electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Biosupercapacitor: Harvesting and Storing Energy from Sweat

Yin

Chen

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…[ 182 ] To mitigate for such uncertainty, the system integration of energy management components with compatible storage units are needed to ensure the reliable operation of the system. [ 196,197 ] With proper energy management via storing excess power, when lactate concentration is high for later use, and regulating the output of the biofuel cell, the constant delivery of power to the electronics can be maintained.…”

Section: Sweat‐based Energy Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Autonomous Sweat‐Based Wearable Systems

et al. 2021

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The continuous operation of wearable electronics demands reliable sources of energy, currently met through Li‐ion batteries and various energy harvesters. These solutions are being used out of necessity despite potential safety issues and unsustainable environmental impact. Safe and sustainable energy sources can boost the use of wearables systems in diverse applications such as health monitoring, prosthetics, and sports. In this regard, sweat‐ and sweat‐equivalent‐based studies have attracted tremendous attention through the demonstration of energy‐generating biofuel cells, promising power densities as high as 3.5 mW cm−2, storage using sweat‐electrolyte‐based supercapacitors with energy and power densities of 1.36 Wh kg−1 and 329.70 W kg−1, respectively, and sweat‐activated batteries with an impressive energy density of 67 Ah kg−1. A combination of these energy generating, and storage devices can lead to fully energy‐autonomous wearables capable of providing sustainable power in the µW to mW range, which is sufficient to operate both sensing and communication devices. Here, a comprehensive review covering these advances, addressing future challenges and potential solutions related to fully energy‐autonomous wearables is presented, with emphasis on sweat‐based energy storage and energy generation elements along with sweat‐based sensors as applications.

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“…[ 204,220 ] Recently, a self‐sustainable wearable multimodular sensing system was developed using complementary hybrid energy harvesters paired with an energy storage module ( Figure ). [ 221 ] All the functional modules were screen‐printed in the textile platform for compatibility with wearable form factor. Figure 20a shows the system layout with triboelectric generators (TEGs) mounted on forearms and the torso to harvest motion energy and BFCs integrated onto a shirt at the neckline to harvest biochemical energy from the sweat.…”

Section: Sustainable Wearable Powered Healthcare Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices

Lyu

Gong

Yin

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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In spite of advances in electronics and internet technologies, current healthcare remains hospital‐centred. Disruptive technologies are required to translate state‐of‐art wearable devices into next‐generation patient‐centered diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent advances in the emerging field of soft wearable materials and devices are summarized. A prerequisite for such future healthcare devices is the need of novel materials to be mechanically compliant, electrically conductive, and biologically compatible. It is begun with an overview of the two viable design strategies reported in the literatures, which is followed by description of state‐of‐the‐art wearable healthcare devices for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals. Self‐powered wearable bioenergy devices are also covered and sensing systems, as well as feedback‐controlled wearable closed‐loop biodiagnostic and therapy systems. Finally, it is concluded with an overall summary and future perspective.

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A self-sustainable wearable multi-modular E-textile bioenergy microgrid system

Cited by 173 publications

References 60 publications

Wearable Biosupercapacitor: Harvesting and Storing Energy from Sweat

Wearable Biosupercapacitor: Harvesting and Storing Energy from Sweat

Energy Autonomous Sweat‐Based Wearable Systems

Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices

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