“…In addition, single pretreatment method can only suppress one certain interference in the spectra, and the optimal pretreatment method is usually different for different dataset. To solve the problem, the combination pretreatment methods are often used to eliminate various interferences in the spectra (Bian et al., 2020). PCA (Li et al., 2012), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) (Szabó et al., 2018), and Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLD) (Witjes et al., 2003; Yan et al., 2018) have been applied for the classification, while partial least squares (PLS), boosting partial least squares (Shao et al., 2010), and related robust techniques (Li et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020; Ma, Liu, et al., 2020; Ma, Pang, et al., 2020; Melssen et al., 2007) were used for the quantitative analysis.…”