A second outbreak of rabies in African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>) in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa, demonstrating the efficacy of vaccination against natural rabies challenge

Hofmeyr, Markus; Hofmeyr, D.; Nel, Louis Hendrik; Bingham, John

doi:10.1017/s1367943004001234

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Catastrophic events such as those caused by disease or human persecution can have significant impacts on tiny wild dog populations (Ginsberg et al, 1995;Ginsberg & Woodroffe, 1997;Hofmeyr et al, 2000;Hofmeyr, Hofmeyr, Nel & Bingham, 2004). Although catastrophic disease outbreaks (canine distemper) led to the extinction of one subpopulation during the period covered by this study (Tswalu 2005), this represented just 3.6% and 4.9% of adults and pups in the metapopulation, respectively.…”

Section: Other Factors Influencing Survival and Population Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 86%

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

Davies‐Mostert¹,

Mills²,

Macdonald³

2015

African Journal of Wildlife Research

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Long-term demographic data are central for the evaluation of endangered species recovery plans. We present the demography and dynamics of a managed African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) metapopulation in South Africa, based on life histories of 553 individually known animals collected between 1998 and 2006. This metapopulation, distributed across nine sites (and not including Kruger National Park), was established through reintroductions (n = 9 events) and maintained by periodic augmentation (n = 10 events) and translocation (n = 20 events). In total, 66 founders were used to establish subpopulations and mean founder group size was 9.6 animals. The metapopulation grew from 17 individuals in 1998 to a peak of 202 in 2005. Mean annual population density was 3.3 (S.E. 0.44) wild dogs/100 km 2 , approaching the upper limit of densities reported from unmanaged populations. Mean size of breeding packs was 11.0 (S.E. 0.76), comparable to pack sizes in Kruger National Park (Kruger), the only viable unmanaged population in South Africa. Fecundity was lower than in Kruger -particularly in the older age classes. Pup survival to adulthood was 45% -nearly three times the survival rate for pups in Kruger. Mean annual population growth rate (ë = 1.08, S.E. 0.13) was higher than in unmanaged populations (range 1.000-1.038), with implications for population viability and management.

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Section: Other Factors Influencing Survival and Population Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 86%

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

Davies‐Mostert¹,

Mills²,

Macdonald³

2015

African Journal of Wildlife Research

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“…Additionally, it is of interest that the sole surviving pack member identified in mid-2007 was one of only two pack members that had been previously vaccinated against rabies. However, the vaccine was administered six years earlier, and the individual never received a booster vaccine; the efficacy of a single rabies vaccination in preventing mortality after exposure to the virus has been variable in previous reports [32,33,48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hofmeyr et al [33] reported that although rabies vaccination can have a beneficial impact in the face of a disease epidemic, multiple doses may be needed to ensure protection. Vial et al [50] advocate that rabies vaccination of a "core" population of 30-40% of wild dogs in small populations every 1-2 years would theoretically be effective at controlling rabies and thus ensuring wild dog persistence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rabies is considered a significant disease threat to the African wild dog across the continent and has been linked to the loss of entire packs, including the 1991 disappearances of all wild dog study packs from the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania [27][28][29]. Major confirmed rabies outbreaks in free-ranging African wild dogs also include those reported in the Masai Mara Reserve in Kenya [30,31], Madikwe Game Reserve in South Africa [32,33], and Etosha National Park in Namibia [34]. For the 1991 Serengeti outbreak, virus isolation and molecular diagnostics pointed to domestic dogs as the most probable source of rabies virus infection for the wild dogs [32]; diagnostic evidence collected during the 1989 Masai Mara outbreak suggested that the virus originated from domestic dogs living on the periphery of the reserve [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Infectious Disease and Mortality Survey in a Population of Free-Ranging African Wild Dogs and Sympatric Domestic Dogs

Flacke

Becker

Cooper

et al. 2013

International Journal of Biodiversity

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Disease can cause declines in wildlife populations and significantly threaten their survival. Recent expansion of human and domestic animal populations has made wildlife more susceptible to transmission of pathogens from domestic animal hosts. We conducted a pathogen surveillance and mortality survey for the population of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, from January 2006-February 2007. Samples were obtained from 24 wild dogs for canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) serological testing. Data were collected on the presence of CDV, CPV, and rabies virus in the KZN domestic dog (Canis familiaris) population from 2004-06. The presence of these pathogens was confirmed in domestic dogs throughout KZN. Wild dogs exhibited 0% and 4.2% prevalence for CDV and CPV antibodies, respectively. In 2006 the largest wild dog pack in KZN was reduced from 26 individuals to a single animal; disease due to rabies virus was considered the most probable cause. This study provides evidence that CDV, CPV and rabies are potential threats to African wild dog conservation in KZN. The most economical and practical way to protect wild dogs from canine pathogens may be via vaccination of sympatric domestic dogs; however, such programmes are currently limited.

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“…"NP" or "NPs" denote a National Park and National Parks, respectively and "GR" denotes a Game Reserve. 1978, 1989, 19902002 (Madikwe) Rabies have thwarted attempts to reintroduce endangered wild dogs in Etosha National Park, has resulted in two successive outbreaks in wild dog packs in Madikwe, South Africa (Hofmeyr et al, 2000 andHofmeyr et al, 2004), and has been identified as the cause of the loss of five packs in Botswana (Woodroffe et al, 2004 1955,1969,1970,[1974][1975][1976] …”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens, disease, and the social-ecological resilience of protected areas

Vos¹,

Cumming²,

Cumming³

et al. 2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. It is extremely important for biodiversity conservation that protected areas are resilient to a range of potential future perturbations. One of the least studied influences on protected area resilience is that of disease. We argue that wildlife disease (1) is a social-ecological problem that must be approached from an interdisciplinary perspective; (2) has the potential to lead to changes in the identity of protected areas, possibly transforming them; and (3) interacts with conservation both directly (via impacts on wild animals, livestock, and people) and indirectly (via the public, conservation management, and veterinary responses). We use southern African protected areas as a case study to test a framework for exploring the connections between conservation, endemic disease, and socialecological resilience. We first define a set of criteria for the social-ecological identity of protected areas. We then use these criteria to explore the potential impacts of selected diseases (foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, malaria, rabies, rift valley fever, trypanosomiasis, and canine distemper) on protected area resilience. Although endemic diseases may have a number of direct impacts on both wild animals and domestic animals and people, the indirect pathways by which diseases influence social-ecological resilience also emerge as potentially important. The majority of endemic pathogens found in protected areas do not kill large numbers of wild animals or infect many people, and may even play valuable ecological roles; but occasional disease outbreaks and mortalities can have a large impact on public perceptions and disease management, potentially making protected areas unviable in one or more of their stated aims. Neighboring landowners also have a significant impact on park management decisions. The indirect effects triggered by disease in the human social and economic components of protected areas and surrounding landscapes may ultimately have a greater influence on protected area resilience than the direct ecological perturbations caused by disease.

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A second outbreak of rabies in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa, demonstrating the efficacy of vaccination against natural rabies challenge

Abstract: An outbreak of rabies in a pack of endangered wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

An Infectious Disease and Mortality Survey in a Population of Free-Ranging African Wild Dogs and Sympatric Domestic Dogs

Pathogens, disease, and the social-ecological resilience of protected areas

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