A Scoping Review of Health Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Kind, Amy

doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3251-9

Cited by 224 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although a stable diagnosis of ASD is possible in the second year of life for many children (Corsello et al 2013 ; Pierce et al 2019 ), diagnostic delays persist, with the average age of diagnosis hovering around four years of age (Maenner et al 2020 ). Myriad geographic, socioeconomic, and provider-level factors contribute to these diagnostic delays (Bishop-Fitzpatrick and Kind 2017 ; Mazurek et al 2014 ). Experts in ASD diagnosis are scarce and have long wait lists (Hyman and Johnson 2012 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the TELE-ASD-PEDS for Autism Evaluations in Response to COVID-19: Preliminary Outcomes and Clinician Acceptability

Wagner

Corona

Weitlauf

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

103

118

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to healthcare, including direct impacts on service delivery related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Caregiver-mediated tele-assessment offers an opportunity to continue services while adhering to social distancing guidelines. The present study describes a model of tele-assessment for ASD in young children, implemented in direct response to disruptions in care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We present preliminary data on the outcomes and provider perceptions of tele-assessments, together with several lessons learned during the period of initial implementation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the TELE-ASD-PEDS for Autism Evaluations in Response to COVID-19: Preliminary Outcomes and Clinician Acceptability

Wagner

Corona

Weitlauf

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

103

118

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“…It is possible that families' treatment preferences and implementation are related to underlying values that may be culturally related [Liptak et al, ; Mandell & Novak, ]. While race and ethnicity certainly are insufficient indicators of “culture,” recruitment and retention of more diverse families in ASD research are sorely lacking [Bishop‐Fitzpatrick & Kind, ] and must be addressed especially when striving to understand treatment patterns. Notably in our findings, approximately three‐fourths of the 296 Hispanic families in the current sample were in three LCs (i.e., “Classic Plus” [27.7%], “High Utilizers” [27.7%], and “School‐Limited” [26.4%]), but only 1.4% of Hispanic families were in the “Privatizers.” This observation highlights the importance of future work committed to studying potentially relevant cultural aspects of ASD treatment selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using latent class analysis to identify treatment‐use subgroups among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2019

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Among parents of 2,582 children (ages 4-17 years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we used latent class analysis to identify subgroups and profiles of treatment users and included annual household income in the specification of the models, then described characteristics of each subgroup. Based on three indicators of fit (Akaike's Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and Lo-Mendell-Rubin), six latent classes of treatment users emerged. Subgroups included users of: (a) mostly private and school speech and occupational therapies; (b) nearly all treatment types; (c) mostly speech and occupational therapies, plus intensive behavioral and "other" treatments, but little medication use; (d) private therapies almost exclusively; (e) primarily psychotropic medications; and (f) mostly school-based therapies. Income significantly predicted class differences for all but one latent class. Probabilities of families' lifetime use of nine treatment types varied depending on latent classification. Proportions of families reporting having observed children's developmental regression were largest in those with the highest overall treatment use, and these children also had the lowest cognitive and adaptivefunctioning scores and the highest ASD symptom scores. Understanding patterns of treatment use among families of children with ASD is an important first step in enhancing treatment-related selection and implementation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 843-854.Lay Summary: We identified six different groups of treatment users to help explain patterns in treatment implementation among parents of children and adolescents with autism. These included families who used: (a) mostly used private and school speech and occupational therapies; (b) nearly all treatment types (private and school therapies, intensive behavioral, biomedical, psychotropic medications, and other treatments); (c) mostly speech and occupational therapies, plus intensive behavioral and "other" treatments, but little medication use; (d) private therapies almost exclusively; (e) primarily psychotropic medications; and (f) mostly school-based therapies.

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“…Currently, there is limited data on racial or socioeconomic disparities in autistic adult outcomes, and network studies can investigate how inequalities in access to social capital may contribute. 49 One feasibility study, conducted with college-going autistic young adults, provided preliminary support for the use of network measures for perceived support during college. 50 In this article, we discuss the importance of relationships and social capital for autistic young adults and propose social network approaches to mathematically measure them.…”

Section: Family Members As Key Brokersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Social Capital and Autism in Young Adulthood: Applying Social Network Methods to Measure the Social Capital of Autistic Young Adults

Hassrick

Sosnowy

Holmes

et al. 2020

Autism in Adulthood

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Social isolation is a core challenge associated with autism. Interpersonal relationships and the resources and support embedded in the social networks of autistic young adults could impact key adult outcomes, including quality of life, mental health, employment, and independence. However, little research systematically measures the networks of autistic young adults and network impact on key adult outcomes. This article demonstrates how social network analysis can be adapted for the field of autism to measure young adult networks. We provide examples as to how this approach could be implemented to yield key insights into the amount and quality of interpersonal relationships and the types of resources embedded in the networks of autistic young adults. The network protocol was feasibility tested with autistic adults during the posthigh school transition period (n = 17, 19-27 years). The parents of three of the recruited young adults also successfully completed a complementary network survey, allowing for the inclusion of the parent-reported network using duocentric network analysis, never before applied to parent-child networks. The implementation data collected from the study suggest feasibility of egocentric and duocentric approaches, with several important modifications to adapt the measure for the field of autism. The future potential of social network research for understanding autism in adulthood is discussed.

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A Scoping Review of Health Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 224 publications

References 49 publications

Use of the TELE-ASD-PEDS for Autism Evaluations in Response to COVID-19: Preliminary Outcomes and Clinician Acceptability

Use of the TELE-ASD-PEDS for Autism Evaluations in Response to COVID-19: Preliminary Outcomes and Clinician Acceptability

Using latent class analysis to identify treatment‐use subgroups among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Social Capital and Autism in Young Adulthood: Applying Social Network Methods to Measure the Social Capital of Autistic Young Adults

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