This study sought to investigate the role of weight status and body mass index percentile in risky smoking behaviors in male and female adolescents. Analyses of the data obtained in the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System were conducted. The national sample size included 15,425 adolescents. Questions addressing weight status and smoking behaviors were used in analyses. Significant effects of perceived weight status, weight change status, and body mass index percentile on smoking behaviors were found for both genders. The current findings indicate the importance of accounting for both gender and weight status when developing prevention and cessation programs targeting smoking behaviors.
Among parents of 2,582 children (ages 4-17 years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we used latent class analysis to identify subgroups and profiles of treatment users and included annual household income in the specification of the models, then described characteristics of each subgroup. Based on three indicators of fit (Akaike's Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and Lo-Mendell-Rubin), six latent classes of treatment users emerged. Subgroups included users of: (a) mostly private and school speech and occupational therapies; (b) nearly all treatment types; (c) mostly speech and occupational therapies, plus intensive behavioral and "other" treatments, but little medication use; (d) private therapies almost exclusively; (e) primarily psychotropic medications; and (f) mostly school-based therapies. Income significantly predicted class differences for all but one latent class. Probabilities of families' lifetime use of nine treatment types varied depending on latent classification. Proportions of families reporting having observed children's developmental regression were largest in those with the highest overall treatment use, and these children also had the lowest cognitive and adaptivefunctioning scores and the highest ASD symptom scores. Understanding patterns of treatment use among families of children with ASD is an important first step in enhancing treatment-related selection and implementation. Autism Res 2019, 12: 843-854.Lay Summary: We identified six different groups of treatment users to help explain patterns in treatment implementation among parents of children and adolescents with autism. These included families who used: (a) mostly used private and school speech and occupational therapies; (b) nearly all treatment types (private and school therapies, intensive behavioral, biomedical, psychotropic medications, and other treatments); (c) mostly speech and occupational therapies, plus intensive behavioral and "other" treatments, but little medication use; (d) private therapies almost exclusively; (e) primarily psychotropic medications; and (f) mostly school-based therapies.
Objective: To identify caregiver cognitions and perceptions that may contribute to parenting stress among families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who receive treatment for severe behaviors.
Approximately one in five schoolchildren presents with a special healthcare need. Schools are tasked with providing free and appropriate education to all students, which may include both accommodations and specialized services to children to address challenges associated with their medical conditions. The first chapter of this book provides a brief overview of types of presenting conditions, challenges, and considerations that school-based providers may encounter when working with this population of students. The chapter includes a table of common medical terms, procedures, and treatments. Several case examples with accompanying discussions are described to illustrate common themes, challenges, and considerations that students with chronic medical conditions may encounter in the school setting. Finally, the role of culture in the symptom presentation, treatment, and education of students with chronic health needs is discussed.
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