A Scalable Space–Time Multi-plane Optical Interconnection Network Using Energy-Efficient Enabling Technologies [Invited]

Liboiron-Ladouceur, Odile; Raponi, Pier Giorgio; Andriolli, N.; Cerutti, Isabella; Hai, Mohammed Shafiqul; Castoldi, P.

doi:10.1364/jocn.3.0000a1

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Instead the MZI can be either in active state or in OFF state consuming a negligible amount of power. The power consumption is derived by assuming a normalized power consumption of 1 and 0.01 for an active and idle SOA [4], [5], respectively, and 0.005 for the active MZI [13]. Such values include the power consumption of the respective drivers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the input 1 × n switch can be implemented as a binary tree with log n stages of 1 : 2 splitters and a final stage of gating elements [5]. Similarly, the output n×1 switch can be implemented as a binary tree with log n stages of 2 : 1 couplers.…”

Section: Spanke Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As presented in [5], gating elements are only needed at the last stage of the 1 × n space switch. To reduce the overall number of SOAs, the modulators are thus placed at the last stage, for a total of Y Sp = n 2 .…”

Section: Spanke Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the different architectures and implementations proposed so far for optical interconnection networks, space switching plays a central role either alone (single plane architectures) or in conjunction with time or wavelength switching (multi-plane architectures) [4], [5]. Space switches allow multiple packets to be routed from any input ports to any output ports along different paths of the interconnection network [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous space switches for power-efficient optical interconnection networks

Raponi

Andriolli

Cerutti

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

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Space switches are the fundamental elements in single plane and multi-plane optical interconnection networks. This paper proposes a heterogeneous implementation of optical space switches based on two gating elements, amplifiers such as semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and modulators such as Mach-Zehnder modulators. The heterogenous implementation has the advantage of being more power-efficient than a homogeneous implementation based only on SOAs and more scalable than a homogeneous implementation based only on modulatorbased gates as the optical power loss can be compensated by the SOAs.The paper derives the requirements in number of gating elements for different space switch architectures (i.e., crossbar, Beneš, Spanke, Clos, Spanke-Beneš, and hybrid Clos). Based on the such derivation, the scalability and the power-efficiency of the different non-blocking architectures with heterogeneous design are assessed, with the aim at identifying the most suitable architecture based on today's available optical technologies. Results show that power saving around 80% are achievable when using a heterogeneous implementation instead of a homogenous SOA-based implementation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spanke Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spanke Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heterogeneous space switches for power-efficient optical interconnection networks

Raponi

Andriolli

Cerutti

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

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“…Multi-plane interconnection networks are composed of a number of cards, each of them supporting a number of ports, which are optically interconnected. The traditional switching domains envisioned for a flexible switching of data packets across all ports and cards are space, wavelength, and time [6][7][8][9]. The orbital angular momentum of light represents a novel domain that can be exploited alone or in combination with the other switching domains to improve the scalability and performance of the multilayer interconnection networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Silicon Microring Optical 2 $\times$ 2 Switch Exploiting Orbital Angular Momentum for Interconnection Networks up to 20 Gbaud

Scaffardi

Malik

Lazzeri

et al. 2017

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Silicon photonic networks: Signal loss and power challenges

Crespo

Sánchez

Alfaro-Cortés

2018

Concurrency and Computation

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Exascale systems are in need for alternative interconnection technologies. Electrical interconnects are not likely to scale well to a large number of computing nodes in terms of energy efficiency and latency. Silicon photonic networks stand as the main alternative to solve this problem, but arewe there yet? In this paper, we exhibit some challenges to be solved for this technology to become a viable solution. Signal loss sources play a critical role in photonic network designs as they restrict the ability to perform data transmission in an effective way. KEYWORDS networks, optical interconnects, photonics INTRODUCTIONProgress in scientific fields, including clime, aerospace, biotechnology, and energy, depends largely on the ability to perform costly and complex simulations. Supercomputers are the only viable option to support such computations, and intense research is focusing on increasing the computing capability of these systems. In fact, the main objective is the design of exascale systems, for which it becomes necessary to greatly increase the number of compute nodes. This raises numerous challenges that must be solved to obtain an efficient system in terms of cost, energy consumption, and performance. Some of these challenges are: scalable system software, resilience and correctness, programming systems, energy efficiency, or interconnect technology.A significant growth in parallelism implies that the system performance is greatly determined by the communication generated when running the parallel applications, even more than the arithmetic operations. Note that data transfers exist at several levels: between compute and storage nodes, between compute nodes, and between the multiple computing resources of each multicore node. Therefore, data movement is a critical barrier toward realizing the exascale systems, and thus, the interconnection network is a key component of exascale systems.Moving to exascale systems seems that it will not be possible with a traditional incremental strategy, and significant qualitative changes will be necessary. In the case of the interconnect systems, electrical interconnects are not likely to scale well to a large number or computing nodes in terms of energy efficiency and latency 1 ; therefore, different technologies to the traditional ones could contribute to achieve this objective. Photonics is perhaps the most disruptive technology 2-5 due to its capabilities to transmit and receive high bandwidth signals with higher power efficiency and immunity to degradation.Significant progress has been made over the past decade in optical device integration. 6-8 However, photonic devices are different in how they function, and exploiting all its advantages would require a significant change in how on-and off-chip interconnects are designed. Nevertheless, this paradigm has some challenges to be addressed, for example, optical signal buffering is greatly limited by the write speed of data. 9 Schemes keeping the writings to its minimum would be needed. Therefore, new proposals to solve t...

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A Scalable Space–Time Multi-plane Optical Interconnection Network Using Energy-Efficient Enabling Technologies [Invited]

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Heterogeneous space switches for power-efficient optical interconnection networks

Heterogeneous space switches for power-efficient optical interconnection networks

A Silicon Microring Optical 2 $\times$ 2 Switch Exploiting Orbital Angular Momentum for Interconnection Networks up to 20 Gbaud

Silicon photonic networks: Signal loss and power challenges

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