A Scalable IoT Protocol via an Efficient DAG-Based Distributed Ledger Consensus

Son, Bumho; Lee, Jae‐Wook; Jang, Huisu

doi:10.3390/su12041529

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, more operational and real-time control, given the scale of data and information requirements may make it currently infeasible for applying these algorithms. Simulation of data based on smaller samples may be used for predictive analytics and inferencing using blockchain data (e.g., [81,82]) if scalability for big data or real-time data is not possible in blockchain technology. Although, as previously mentioned newer developments and algorithms such as sharding improve the promise of blockchain data scalability removing its barrier.…”

Section: Blockchain Adoption Concerns For Transportation and Reverse mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitalizing the Closing-of-the-Loop for Supply Chains: A Transportation and Blockchain Perspective

et al. 2021

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The circular economy is gaining in importance globally and locally. The COVID-19 crisis, as an exceptional event, showed the limits and the fragility of supply chains, with circular economy practices as a potential solution during and post-COVID. Reverse logistics (RL) is an important dimension of the circular economy which allows management of economic, social, and environmental challenges. Transportation is needed for RL to effectively operate, but research study on this topic has been relatively limited. New digitalization opportunities can enhance transportation and RL, and therefore further enhance the circular economy. This paper proposes to review practical research and concerns at the nexus of transportation, RL, and blockchain as a digitalizing technology. The potential benefits of blockchain technology through example use cases on various aspects of RL and transportation activities are presented. This integration and applications are evaluated using various capability facets of blockchain technology, particularly as an immutable and reliable ledger, a tracking service, a smart contract utility, as marketplace support, and as tokenization and incentivization. We also briefly introduce the physical internet concept within this context. The physical internet paradigm proposed last decade, promises to also disrupt the blockchain, transportation, and RL nexus. We include potential research directions and managerial implications across the blockchain, transportation, and RL nexus.

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Section: Blockchain Adoption Concerns For Transportation and Reverse mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitalizing the Closing-of-the-Loop for Supply Chains: A Transportation and Blockchain Perspective

et al. 2021

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“…Also, the tip selection must avoid the phase of being the lazy tip i.e., choosing two old transactions already confirmed by many others. Hence, coordinator is used for determining the tips using the tip selection API to ensure no one is selecting tips for their profit making or approving the double spending [ 75 ]. Proof of Work (PoW) : the node must check two chosen tips to be conflict-free from double spending, etc., and then perform a level of proof of work against spam protection defined by minimum weight magnitude of the network.…”

Section: Dissecting the Iota Platform Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dissecting the Iota Platform Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Data Communication Using Distributed Ledger Technology and IOTA-Enabled Internet of Things for a Future Machine-to-Machine Economy

Akhtar

Rizvi

Ahad

et al. 2021

Sensors

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A potential rise in interest in the Internet of Things in the upcoming years is expected in the fields of healthcare, supply chain, logistics, industries, smart cities, smart homes, cyber physical systems, etc. This paper discloses the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the so-called “distributed ledger technology” (DLT). IoT sensors like temperature sensors, motion sensors, GPS or connected devices convey the activity of the environment. Sensor information acquired by such IoT devices are then stored in a blockchain. Data on a blockchain remains immutable however its scalability still remains a challenging issue and thus represents a hindrance for its mass adoption in the IoT. Here a communication system based on IOTA and DLT is discussed with a systematic architecture for IoT devices and a future machine-to-machine (M2M) economy. The data communication between IoT devices is analyzed using multiple use cases such as sending DHT-11 sensor data to the IOTA tangle. The value communication is analyzed using a novel “micro-payment enabled over the top” (MP-OTT) streaming platform that is based on the “pay-as-you-go” and “consumption based” models to showcase IOTA value transactions. In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the classical “masked authenticated message” (MAM) communication protocol and two architectures called dual signature masked authenticated message (DSMAM) and index-based address value transaction (IBAVT). Further, we provided an empirical analysis and discussion of the proposed techniques. The implemented solution provides better address management with secured sharing and communication of IoT data, complete access control over the ownership of data and high scalability in terms of number of transactions that can be handled.

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“…One of the main problems of IoT has always been the security of the communication between the devices. Son et al proposed a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based IoT protocol, using IOTA for securing IoT applications [16]. Odysseas and Gialelis introduced a IOTA-based sensor node system [17], while Bartolomeu et al used IOTA for vehicular applications [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain IoT for Smart Electric Vehicles Battery Management

Florea

Ţarălungă

2020

Sustainability

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) have generated a lot of interest in recent years, due to the advances in battery life and low pollution. Similarly, the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) allowed more and more devices to be interconnected. One major problem EVs face today is the limited range of the battery and the limited number of charging or battery swapping stations. A solution is to not only build the necessary infrastructure, but also to be able to correctly estimate the remaining power using an efficient battery management system (BMS). For some EVs, battery swapping can also be an option, either at registered stations, or even directly from other EV drivers. Thus, a network of EV information is required, so that a successful battery charge or swap can be made available for drivers. In this paper two blockchain implementations for an EV BMS are presented, using blockchain as the network and data layer of the application. The first implementation uses Ethereum as the blockchain framework for developing smart contracts, while the second uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG), on top of the IOTA tangle. The two approaches are implemented and compared, demonstrating that both platforms can provide a viable solution for an efficient, semi-decentralized, data-driven BMS.

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A Scalable IoT Protocol via an Efficient DAG-Based Distributed Ledger Consensus

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Digitalizing the Closing-of-the-Loop for Supply Chains: A Transportation and Blockchain Perspective

Digitalizing the Closing-of-the-Loop for Supply Chains: A Transportation and Blockchain Perspective

Efficient Data Communication Using Distributed Ledger Technology and IOTA-Enabled Internet of Things for a Future Machine-to-Machine Economy

Blockchain IoT for Smart Electric Vehicles Battery Management

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