A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016-based feed additive reduces liver toxicity, residual aflatoxin B1 levels and positively influences intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed chronic aflatoxin B1-contaminated diets

Poloni, Valeria; Magnoli, Alejandra Paola; Fochesato, Analía; Cristofolini, Andrea; Caverzán, Matías Daniel; Merkis, Cecilia Inés; Montenegro, Mariana; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.006

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the current study, the histopathological results showed that mycotoxins induced severe damage in small intestine of laying hens, as evidenced by villous atrophy and fracture, degeneration, necrosis, and desquamation of the villous epithelial cells, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration in submucosa and lamina propria, and (or) goblet cell hyperplasia in the intestinal gland, along with reduced villus height, villus height/crypt depth and crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum, and (or) ileum. These findings were similar to previous studies that animals consumed diets contaminated with AFB 1 , DON, and OTA, alone or in combination, could induce intestine injury, thus reducing nutrient utilization efficiency and causing poor performance [ 23 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Interestingly, dietary supplementation with TOXO HP and XL binders alleviated mycotoxins-induced negative effects on histopathological alteration in small intestine of laying hens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health

Zhao

Feng

Wei

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mycotoxin binders in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) on laying hens. Three hundred and sixty 26-week-old Roman laying hens were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with 10 replicates of nine birds each. The four groups received either a basal diet (BD; Control), a BD supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg AFB1 + 1.5 mg/kg DON + 0.12 mg/kg OTA (Toxins), a BD + Toxins with Toxo-HP binder (Toxins + HP), or a BD + Toxins with TOXO XL binder (Toxins + XL) for 12 weeks. Compared to the control, dietary supplementation of mycotoxins decreased (P < 0.10) total feed intake, total egg weight, and egg-laying rate, but increased feed/egg ratio by 2.5–6.1% and mortality during various experimental periods. These alterations induced by mycotoxins were alleviated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL binders (P < 0.10). Furthermore, dietary mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) eggshell strength by 12.3% and caused an accumulation of 249 μg/kg of DON in eggs at week 12, while dietary supplementation with TOXO HP or XL mitigated DON-induced changes on eggshell strength and prevented accumulation of DON in eggs (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary mycotoxins increased relative liver weight, but decreased spleen and proventriculus relative weights by 11.6–22.4% (P < 0.05). Mycotoxin exposure also increased alanine aminotransferase activity and reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, and IgG concentrations in serum by 9.2–26.1% (P < 0.05). Additionally, mycotoxin exposure induced histopathological damage and reduced villus height, villus height/crypt depth, and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and (or) ileum (P < 0.05). Notably, most of these histological changes were mitigated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the mycotoxin binders TOXO HP and XL can help to mitigate the combined effects of AFB1, DON, and OTA on laying hen performance, egg quality, and health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health

Zhao

Feng

Wei

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…In general, liver and kidney cells are more sensitive to AFB 1 than intestinal cells, which may be related to the different responses from the different cell types and organs (Zain 2011 ). AFB 1 can be metabolized to high reactive metabolites by cytochrome P450 enzyme system in liver cells, resulting in formation of AFB 1 -DNA adducts to cause carcinogenesis and mutations (Valeria et al 2020 ; Owumi et al 2020 ). The kidney cells can be directly damaged by AFB 1 through increasing cell apoptosis and death (Li et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of compound probiotics and aflatoxin-degradation enzyme on alleviating aflatoxin-induced cytotoxicity in chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cells

et al. 2021

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins for humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of compound probiotics (CP), CP supernatant (CPS), AFB1-degradation enzyme (ADE) on chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities, and to determine the functions of CP + ADE (CPADE) or CPS + ADE (CPSADE) for alleviating cytotoxicity induced by AFB1. The results showed that AFB1 decreased cell viabilities in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. The optimal AFB1 concentrations and reactive time for establishing cell damage models were 200 µg/L AFB1 and 12 h for intestinal epithelium cells, 40 µg/L and 12 h for liver and kidney cells. Cell viabilities reached 231.58% (p < 0.05) for intestinal epithelium cells with CP addition, 105.29% and 115.84% (p < 0.05) for kidney and liver cells with CPS additions. The further results showed that intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities were significantly decreased to 87.12%, 88.7% and 84.19% (p < 0.05) when the cells were exposed to AFB1; however, they were increased to 93.49% by CPADE addition, 102.33% and 94.71% by CPSADE additions (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, NOD1 (except liver cell) and TLR2 in three kinds of primary cells were significantly down-regulated by CPADE or CPSADE addition, compared with single AFB1 group (p < 0.05), indicating that CPADE or CPSADE addition could alleviate cell cytotoxicity and inflammation induced by AFB1 exposure through suppressing the activations of NF-κB, iNOS, NOD1 and TLR2 pathways.

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“…Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and L. rhamnosus RC007 have separately shown promising candidates to include them in an animal feed additive formulation and thus improve the health and performance of animal production. Moreover they have demonstrated to significantly reduce the mycotoxins on in vitro and in vivo studies (Garc ıa et al 2018, Poloni et al 2020. To complement these results the cytotoxicity using Vero cells and their effect on the immune system of BALB/c mice were tested here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytotoxicity in Vero cells and cytokines analyses in Balb/c mice as safety assessments of the probiotic mixture Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 for use as a feed additive

Fochesato

Escobar

García

et al. 2020

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The objective was to carry out cytotoxicity assays in Vero cells and cytokines analyses in Balb/c mice as safety assessments to evaluate the probiotic mixture (M) Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 (Sc) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 (Lr) for use as feed additive. Vero cells (104 cells per well) were exposed to Sc (2·08 × 107, 2·08 × 106; 2·08 × 105 cells per ml), Lr (8·33 × 107; 8·33 × 106; 8·33 × 105 cells per ml) and their M (1 : 1). Sc concentrations did not affect the Vero cells viability; in contrast, they were lower when exposed to Lr (P ˂ 0·0001). Vero cells showed increasing viability with M decreasing concentrations (91% viability with M2). Control BALB/c mice received only phosphate buffer saline and the others received the M. The IL‐10, IL‐6 and TNFα concentrations from intestinal fluid were analysed and no significant differences were observed among treatments. The same occurred with the ratio between IL‐10/TNF‐α. Beneficial effects of probiotics are associated with the regulation of the excessive inflammatory response; it is desirable they can modulate the cytokines production only under pathological conditions. Here, M administration to healthy mice did not induce negative side effects and expands the knowledge about beneficial effects of using probiotic microorganisms in mixture for feed additives development.

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A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016-based feed additive reduces liver toxicity, residual aflatoxin B1 levels and positively influences intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed chronic aflatoxin B1-contaminated diets

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health

Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health

Effects of compound probiotics and aflatoxin-degradation enzyme on alleviating aflatoxin-induced cytotoxicity in chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cells

Cytotoxicity in Vero cells and cytokines analyses in Balb/c mice as safety assessments of the probiotic mixture Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 for use as a feed additive

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