Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mycotoxin binders in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) on laying hens. Three hundred and sixty 26-week-old Roman laying hens were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with 10 replicates of nine birds each. The four groups received either a basal diet (BD; Control), a BD supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg AFB1 + 1.5 mg/kg DON + 0.12 mg/kg OTA (Toxins), a BD + Toxins with Toxo-HP binder (Toxins + HP), or a BD + Toxins with TOXO XL binder (Toxins + XL) for 12 weeks. Compared to the control, dietary supplementation of mycotoxins decreased (P < 0.10) total feed intake, total egg weight, and egg-laying rate, but increased feed/egg ratio by 2.5–6.1% and mortality during various experimental periods. These alterations induced by mycotoxins were alleviated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL binders (P < 0.10). Furthermore, dietary mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) eggshell strength by 12.3% and caused an accumulation of 249 μg/kg of DON in eggs at week 12, while dietary supplementation with TOXO HP or XL mitigated DON-induced changes on eggshell strength and prevented accumulation of DON in eggs (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary mycotoxins increased relative liver weight, but decreased spleen and proventriculus relative weights by 11.6–22.4% (P < 0.05). Mycotoxin exposure also increased alanine aminotransferase activity and reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, and IgG concentrations in serum by 9.2–26.1% (P < 0.05). Additionally, mycotoxin exposure induced histopathological damage and reduced villus height, villus height/crypt depth, and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and (or) ileum (P < 0.05). Notably, most of these histological changes were mitigated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the mycotoxin binders TOXO HP and XL can help to mitigate the combined effects of AFB1, DON, and OTA on laying hen performance, egg quality, and health.

Mycotoxins binder supplementation alleviates aflatoxin B1 toxic effects on the immune response and intestinal barrier function in broilers

“…However, inclusion of XL to the diet could increase the mRNA expression level of claudin-1 and Occludin , decrease claudin-2 expression in broilers jejunum, indicating that XL can maintain the integrity of the tight junction of broilers' intestinal tract, and thus enhance the function of intestinal mucosal barrier in broilers to some extent. This result displays similar effect of dietary XL on laying hens ( Zhao et al, 2021 ).…”

“…These results were inconsistent with some previous study ( Liu et al, 2018a ), but in accordance with others ( Morales-López et al, 2009 ; Liu et al, 2018c ). The different effects of adsorbents on production performance may be largely attributable to inclusion concentration of binders and AFB 1 , varied quality, and poultry breeds ( Zhao et al, 2010 , 2021 ; Liu et al, 2018a ).…”

“…Core modes of action of major compositions for XL to detoxicate are binding mycotoxins, protecting intestine, and modulating immune system ( Morales-López et al, 2009 ; Shannon et al, 2017 ; Pascual et al, 2020 ). A published report showed positive effects of XL on counteracting the harmful effects of mycotoxins on performance in laying hens ( Zhao et al, 2021 ). However, whether the commercial mycotoxins-binder could effectively attenuate the toxic effects of AFB 1 when exposed to broiler chickens remains unknown.…”

Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China during 2018–2020

“…So far, the application of binders' adsorption of mycotoxins from the gastrointestinal tract of animals is the most effective way in practice [40,41]. While development of novel microorganisms or their enzymes used to biodegradation of the mycotoxins is also a promising approach [39,40,42].…”

Modified Montmorillonite Improved Growth Performance of Broilers by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota and Enhancing Intestinal Barriers, Anti-Inflammatory Response, and Antioxidative Capacity

“…Montmorillonite’s application as a metal ion carrier has attracted widespread interest. Some researchers have found that copper carried in montmorillonite has antibacterial effects [ 12 ]. Our research group uses ion-exchange reactions to synthesize copper-loaded montmorillonite (MMT).…”