A Role for Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl. Extracts in the Management of Women’s Pathological Conditions: A Research Review

Abstract

ABSTRACT`Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl is a medicinal plant that originates from West Papua, Indonesia. The fruit of this plant is known to contain numerous different compounds that produce different bioactivities. Many of these bioactivities are related to women pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of P. macrocarpa fruit extract in the management of these conditions. Different studies have proven that P. macrocarpa extract helps regulate hormone imbalance in women with problems relating to their menstruation cycle, especially during premenstrual syndrome. It helps alleviate symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis through its bioactivity as anti-inflammation, apoptosis inducer, anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidant agent. P. macrocarpa fruit extract also showed selective anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activity on breast and cervical cancer cells. It regulates cancer cell progression through numerous different pathways, making it highly favourable to be developed as a cancer treatment, whether as a single treatment or as an adjunct therapy. In conclusion, P. macrocarpa extract has great potential to be developed into treatments for women's pathological conditions. However, further study, both preclinical and clinical studies are needed to ascertain its use in women to be effective and safe.

Fruits as Prospective Reserves of bioactive Compounds: A Review

“…Also, the citrus limonoids chemical compounds limonin, nomilin, deacetylnomilinic acid, isolimonelic acid, nominilic acid are described as having anticancer effect [ 5 ]. Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extracts are reported to be effective against breast and cervical cancers [ 9 ]. The effect of adamantyl derivatives and rearranged benzophenones obtained from fruit extracts of Garcinia xanthochymus was investigated by [ 41 ] that found powerful inhibitory activity against four cell lines of human cancer.…”

“…Pomegranate is also been reported to contain medicinal properties against several types of cancers [ 7 , 8 ]. The extract of fruits of Phaleria macrocarpa regulates hormonal imbalance in women and acts against dysmenorrhoea, endometriosis and cancer [ 9 ]. In addition, fruit extracts of Thevetia peruviana have shown potential activity against cancer [ 10 ].…”

The Effects of Phaleria Macrocarpa Extract on Mitotic Index and Tumor Mass Progression of Epidermoid Carcinoma in Swiss Mice: In Vivo Experimental Study in Swiss Mice Treated With Neoadjuvant Paclitaxel and Cisplatin

“…P. macrocarpa has been known to have anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic effects on breast, cervical cancer cells, and inhibit colonic inflammation [8,9,16].…”

“…One widely known herb plant in Indonesia, Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff and Boer) (mahkota dewa) has been used as an alternative medicine in cancer therapy, widely sold as anticancer agents with 5-g doses/day. It contains alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, resin, tannin, and many more bioactive agents that serve as selective anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic on breast and cervical cancer cells [8,9]. Polyphenol in P. macrocarpa can block growth factor receptor and inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) signaling pathway [10][11][12].…”

Suppression Effect of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) Leaf Extract in Chitosan Nanoparticles on the Small Intestine of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Mice: Focus on Mitosis and Hyperplasia

“…P. macrocarpa has long been suspected to lower cancer risk, and many substances with potential antitumorigenic properties have been identified in P. macrocarpa [25].…”