Suppression Effect of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) Leaf Extract in Chitosan Nanoparticles on the Small Intestine of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Mice: Focus on Mitosis and Hyperplasia

Abstract

Objective: The incidence of small intestine cancer (SIC) is rising despite available preventive measures. Kaempferol and quercetin are a potential chemopreventive agent for SIC, but in vivo findings are inconclusive. We aim to study the effects of kaempferol and quercetin on colitis-associated small intestine carcinogenesis in mice.Methods: Suppression effect was tested using mice divided into 6 groups of treatment, i.e.; normal (N) group, negative control (NC), leaf extract (medium dose [MD]) dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight (BW), leaf extract chitosan and nanoparticle of mahkota dewa (NPMD) dose 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg BW. Dextran sulfate sodium induction of 1% w/v was administered through drinking water for 6 weeks of treatment. The suppression effect was observed histopathologically by counting the mitotic cells and hyperplasia cells of the crypt of small intestine with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results: Mitosis cells mean of NC group was not significant difference either with MD 12.5 (p=0.394) or MD 6.5 (p=0.310). However, mitosis cell mean appears to be lower in the NPMD 12.5 (p=0.09) and NPMD 6.25 (p=0.05) groups than the NC group. There was a significant difference among the mean of hyperplasia NC group and MD and also NPMD group. Significant difference also can be showed between MD 12.5 and MD 25 (p=0.026), and between NPMD 6.25 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002), and between MD 12.5 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate suppression of hyperplasia small intestine by either nanoparticle or extract of Phaleria macrocarpa extracts. The suppression of mitosis was showed by administration of nanoparticle.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanol Extract of Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff. Boerl)] Leaves in Mouse Colitis Induced by Azoxymethane (Aom) and Dextran Sodium Sulfate (Dss): Focus on Rectal Tissue

“…Damage to the mucosal lining triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and microvascular response, which then leads to the pathogenesis of UC and CD. This was confirmed by Chan et al, who administration is closely related to the incidence of CD Although the results of their study did not show a strong association between aspirin and UC, several events indicate that regular administration of aspirin is considered to cause Some previous studies have shown that extracts from mahkota dewa induced inflammation in colon epithelial cells of mice [14], which is characterized by the suppression of mitosis and hyperplasia in cryptic epithelial cells [15]. average number of goblet cells per crypt goblet cells among epithelial cells increases along the small intestine, from 4% in the duodenum to 16% in the distal colon.…”

“…Some previous studies have shown that extracts from mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves can inhibit DSS-induced inflammation in colon epithelial cells of mice [14], which is characterized by the suppression of mitosis and hyperplasia in cryptic epithelial cells [15].…”