A Robust Method for Estimating Human Smoked Cigarette Yields from Filter Analysis Data

Charles, F.; Ashley, Madeleine; Shepperd, CJ; Clayton, Peter M.; Errington, Graham

doi:10.2478/cttr-2013-0863

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether decreasing the cigarette circumference from 25 mm (conventional king-size format; KS) to 17 mm (superslim format; KSSS) influenced MLE to tar and nicotine in cigarettes matched in ISO tar and nicotine yields. The part-filter analysis method (St Charles et al, 2009) was chosen to measure MLE to tar and nicotine in smokers in their everyday environment as this non-invasive method has been shown to produce reliable estimates of tar and nicotine MLE (Shepperd et al, 2006), which strongly correlate with biomarkers of nicotine and other smoke constituents Shepperd et al, 2009;Morin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part-filter analysis was used to estimate smokers' MLE to tar and nicotine, as previously described (St Charles et al, 2009). In brief, the estimation of MLE relies on the relationship between the amount of tar and nicotine delivered to the smoker and the amount retained within the filter of the cigarette, as defined by calibration smoking.…”

Section: Mouth-level Exposure To Tar and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The length of each filter tip was measured (±0.1 mm), and recorded before being extracted in methanol containing n-heptadecane as an internal standard . The extracts were analysed for tip nicotine and tar using gas chromatography and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance (using a variable wavelength detector set at 310 nm as described previously (St Charles et al, 2009)), respectively. Calibration data were produced by machine smoking each product over a wide range of typical human smoking behaviour parameters.…”

Section: Mouth-level Exposure To Tar and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relationship between cigarette format and mouth-level exposure to tar and nicotine in smokers of Russian king-size cigarettes

Ashley¹,

Dixon²,

Prasad³

2014

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Differences in length and circumference of cigarettes may influence smoker behaviour and exposure to smoke constituents. Superslim king-size (KSSS) cigarettes (17mm circumference versus 25mm circumference of conventional king-size [KS] cigarettes), have gained popularity in several countries, including Russia. Some smoke constituents are lower in machine-smoked KSSS versus KS cigarettes, but few data exist on actual exposure in smokers. We investigated mouth-level exposure (MLE) to tar and nicotine in Russian smokers of KSSS versus KS cigarettes and measured smoke constituents under machine-smoking conditions. MLE to tar was similar for smokers of 1mg ISO tar yield products, but lower for smokers of 4mg and 7mg KSSS versus KS cigarettes. MLE to nicotine was lower in smokers of 4mg KSSS versus KS cigarettes, but not for other tar bands. No gender differences were observed for nicotine or tar MLE. Under International Organization for Standardization, Health Canada Intense and Massachusetts regimes, KSSS cigarettes tended to yield less carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, nitric oxide, acrylonitrile, benzene, 1,3-butadiene and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, but more formaldehyde, than KS cigarettes. In summary, differences in MLE were observed between cigarette formats, but not systematically across pack tar bands.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mouth-level Exposure To Tar and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mouth-level Exposure To Tar and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationship between cigarette format and mouth-level exposure to tar and nicotine in smokers of Russian king-size cigarettes

Ashley¹,

Dixon²,

Prasad³

2014

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mouth-level exposures (MLEs) to "tar" and nicotine from the cigarettes smoked by subjects were obtained by the part-filter analysis technique (21,22). The estimation of MLE relies on using the relationships between the mainstream smoke yields of "tar" and nicotine and the amounts of "tar" and nicotine retained within the filter tips of the cigarettes after smoking.…”

Section: Mouth-level Exposures From Cigarette Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure and Subjective Effects When Smokers Switch to Dual Use of Cigarettes and Either Snus or a Dissolvable Tobacco Product: A Summary of Three Clinical Studies

Round

Campbell

Stiles

et al. 2015

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYA series of ambulatory clinical studies were conducted to evaluate changes in biomarkers of tobacco exposure and subjective product ratings when adult smokers switched to dual use of cigarettes with Camel Strips (Strips), Camel Sticks (Sticks), or Camel (SNUS). In all studies, subjects smoked ad libitum for one week (baseline). In incremental stages over three subsequent weeks, subjects were instructed to reduce cigarettes per day (CPD) by at least 75% and include use of one type of smokeless tobacco product (STP). Product use data was recorded by subjects daily, questionnaires were administered and smoked cigarette filters and used snus pouches were collected weekly, and 24-hour urine samples were collected at baseline and the end of dual use for measurement of biomarkers of tobacco exposure. In total, 100 subjects were enrolled, and 88 completed the studies. At the end of dual use, mean CPD reductions of approximately 60% were reported in all studies. Median levels of biomarkers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and acrolein either did not statistically significantly change or showed statistically significant decreases in all studies. Serum and urinary nicotine biomarkers did not significantly change. Twentyfive additional biomarkers were measured only in the SNUS study. Of those, 18 biomarkers statistically significantly decreased 12.4-35.7%. No statistically significant increases in biomarker levels were observed in any of the studies. Decreases in some biomarkers confirmed that smoking reductions occurred but were less than the reported CPD reductions. Mouth-level exposure estimates suggest subjects did not significantly alter their puffing behavior to compensate for decreased CPD. Acceptability ratings of cigarettes decreased significantly during dual use, while ratings of Strips and SNUS increased, suggesting that the change in use behavior affected subjects' perceptions of the products. Results from these studies suggest that smokers who switch to dual use with either dissolvable tobacco or snus will likely not increase tobacco constituent exposure and may reduce exposure to some tobacco toxicants, especially those associated with combustion. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015)

show abstract

“…Consequently, human smoke yields may be estimated by comparison of the nicotine content of cigarette filter (butt nicotine) extracts from consumer smoked cigarettes with those from machine smoked cigarettes for which the smoke yield (pad nicotine) is determined. ST.CHARLES et al described in detail a methodology based on 10-mm mouth end section analysis to avoid issues with filter ventilation, that is the so-called Part-Filter method (13). Various smoking behaviour studies have estimated the HS yield for nicotine and "tar" using filter analysis (9,14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Nicotine Exposure From Active Human Cigarette Smoking Time

Cahours¹,

Julien²,

Verron³

et al. 2017

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe burning of a cigarette is a series of consecutive sequences of both passive and active burnings when a smoking cycle is applied to the cigarette. A previous study, using a smoking machine, showed that cigarette nicotine yields are dependent linearly on the difference between the time of smouldering (passive burning) and the time of smoking (active burning). It is predicted that the smoker's nicotine yield increases when the intensity of smoking increases, i.e., when the time to smoke a cigarette (smoking time) decreases. Note that observations made on machines might not be comparable to human behaviours. The aim of this study was to determine whether nicotine mouth-level exposure could be predicted through measurement of human smoking time. A smoking behaviour study was conducted to compare human smoking nicotine yields obtained from both filter tip analysis and the cigarette burning time model. Results showed that smokers' exposure to the smoke depends essentially on the speed at which the cigarette is smoked. An increase in human smoking intensity, resulting in a decrease in smoking time, generates an increase in smoke exposure, whatever the puff number, puff duration, puff volume and filter ventilation (open or blocked). The association of a machine smoking yield with a corresponding smoking time, and the time taken by a consumer to smoke the cigarette would provide information on the exposure to smoke constituents in a simple and effective manner. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2017)

show abstract

A Robust Method for Estimating Human Smoked Cigarette Yields from Filter Analysis Data

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Relationship between cigarette format and mouth-level exposure to tar and nicotine in smokers of Russian king-size cigarettes

Relationship between cigarette format and mouth-level exposure to tar and nicotine in smokers of Russian king-size cigarettes

Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure and Subjective Effects When Smokers Switch to Dual Use of Cigarettes and Either Snus or a Dissolvable Tobacco Product: A Summary of Three Clinical Studies

Assessment of Nicotine Exposure From Active Human Cigarette Smoking Time

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About