A robotic approach to mapping post-eruptive volcanic fissure conduits

Parcheta, Carolyn; Pavlov, Catherine; Wiltsie, Nicholas; Carpenter, Kalind; Nash, Jeremy; Parness, Aaron; Mitchell, K. L.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.03.006

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…They mapped 54 vents or fissure segments along the surviving 880 m of fissure and document several distinct geometric features including (1) five en echelon steps caused by the rotation of a rectilinear dyke to a near-shear stress orientation upon ascent; (2) sinuous individual fissure segments most likely related to stress field interactions between the ERZ and the Koa'e fault system, as well as fissure irregularity; and (3) irregularity in the internal dyke wall surface, thought to represent pre-existing cooling joints within the pre-1969 lava flow through which the dyke cuts (Parcheta et al 2015). Three-dimensional imaging of the sub-surface vent structures showed that the primary conduit wall consists of jigsaw-like fits between either side of the conduit (Parcheta et al 2016), indicating that the conduit walls have not been modified since the eruption.…”

Section: Previous Mapping Of the Episode 1 Fissure Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximal lava drainage controls on basaltic fissure eruption dynamics

et al. 2017

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Hawaiian basaltic eruptions commonly initiate as a fissure, producing fountains, spattering, and clastogenic lava flows. Most fissures rapidly localize to form a small number of eruptive vents, the location of which may influence the subsequent distribution of lava flows and associated hazards. We present results from a detailed field investigation of the proximal deposits of episode 1 of the 1969 fissure eruption of Mauna Ulu, Kīlauea, Hawai'i. Exceptional preservation of the deposits allows us to reconstruct vent-proximal lava drainage patterns and to assess the role that drainage played in constraining vent localization. Through detailed field mapping, including measurements of the height and internal depth of lava tree moulds, we reconstruct high-resolution topographic maps of the pre-eruption ground surface, the lava highstand surface and the post-eruption ground surface. We calculate the difference in elevation between pairs of maps to estimate the lava inundation depth and lava drainage depth over the field area and along different segments of fissure. Aerial photographs collected during episode 1 of the eruption allow us to locate those parts of the fissure that are no longer exposed at the surface. By comparing with the inundation and drainage maps, we find that fissure segments that were inundated with lava to greater depths (typically 1-6 m) during the eruption later became foci of lava drainage back into the fissure (internal drain-back). We infer that, in these areas, lava ponding over the fissure suppressed discharge of magma, thereby favouring drain-back and stagnation. By contrast, segments with relatively shallow inundation (typically less thañ 1 m), such as where the fissure intersects pre-eruptive topographic highs, or where flow away from the vent (outflow) was efficient, are often associated with sub-circular vent geometries in the post-eruption ground surface. We infer that these parts of the fissure became localization points for ongoing magma ascent and discharge. We conclude that lava inundation and drainage processes in basaltic fissure eruptions can play an important role in controlling their localization and longevity.

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Section: Previous Mapping Of the Episode 1 Fissure Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximal lava drainage controls on basaltic fissure eruption dynamics

et al. 2017

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“…These directions of rotation are called the angles of pitch φ, roll θ and yaw ψ. The advantage of this system is in the application of modern microelectronic systems to control the motion of devices [6,7].…”

Section: Development Of Basic Approaches and An Algorithm Of Operatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar robotic geoinformation complexes have been successfully implemented in research where the presence of a human is complicated: exploring the volcanoes, wells, deserts, seabed, oil-gas fields, etc. [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a geomechatronic complex for the geotechnical monitoring of the contour of a mine working

Zaichenko

Shalenko

Shevchuk

et al. 2017

EEJET

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“…To help tackle these challenges, remotely piloted and autonomous airborne systems offer paradigm-shifting potential for sampling and measurement from the inaccessible and hostile environments involved. In this review, we summarise such systems being applied in volcanology and the pro-activity [Ikegami et al 2018;Oshima et al 1991], exploring crater lakes [Watanabe et al 2016], gas sampling [Bares and Wettergreen 1999;Krotkov et al 1994;Muscato et al 2003], and mapping fissures [Parcheta et al 2016]. Here, we focus on airborne systems that are now widely available and seeing rapidly accelerating use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges

James

Carr²,

D'Arcy³

et al. 2020

Volcanica

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Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decisionmakers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increased system capabilities, autonomy, and availabilitysupported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors-will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS are expected to provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes. Non-technical SummaryUnoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into essential tools for understanding and monitoring volcanoes. UAS can typically provide much more detailed imagery and 3-D maps of the Earth's surface, and more frequently, than satellites are able to. They can also make measurements and collect samples for geochemical analysis from hazardous regions such as volcanic plumes and near active vents. Through being quick to deploy, they offer key advantages during initial stages of volcano unrest as well as throughout eruptions. Data from UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during crises. In the future, UAS will become increasingly capable of flying longer and more complex missions, more autonomously and with more sophisticated sensors, and are likely to become key components of broader sensor networks for monitoring and research.

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A robotic approach to mapping post-eruptive volcanic fissure conduits

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Proximal lava drainage controls on basaltic fissure eruption dynamics

Proximal lava drainage controls on basaltic fissure eruption dynamics

Development of a geomechatronic complex for the geotechnical monitoring of the contour of a mine working

Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges

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