A Ring-Based 25 Gb/s DAC-Less PAM-4 Modulator

Hai, Mohammed Shafiqul; Fard, Monireh Moayedi Pour; Liboiron-Ladouceur, Odile

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2016.2584978

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Interferometric coupling-based (or two-point coupled MZI-based) MRRs have been utilized for hitless-switching 22 , high-speed modulation 23 , PAM-4 modulation 24 , photonic delay line 25 , single-photon sources 26 , and post-fabrication correction 27 . Recently, a wideband tunable add-drop multiplexer is reported using interferometeric coupling-based modulators 28 .…”

Section: Intensity-modulated Microring Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a high-density photonic tensor core enabled by intensity-modulated microrings and photonic wire bonding

Luan

Salmani

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We propose a photonic processing unit for high-density analog computation using intensity-modulation-based microring modulators (IM-MRMs). The output signal at the fixed resonance wavelength is directly intensity modulated by changing the extinction ratio (ER) of the IM-MRM . Thanks to the intensity-modulated approach, the proposed photonic processing unit is less sensitive to the inter-channel crosstalk. Simulation results reveal that the proposed design offers a maximum of 17-fold increase in wavelength channel density compared to its wavelength-modulated counterpart. Therefore, a photonic tensor core of size 512 $$\times $$ × 512 can be realized by current foundry lines. A convolutional neural network (CNN) simulator with 6-bit precision is built for handwritten digit recognition task using the proposed modulator. Simulation results show an overall accuracy of 96.76%, when the wavelength channel spacing suffers a 3-dB power penalty. To experimentally validate the system, 1000 dot product operations are carried out with a 4-bit signed system on a co-packaged photonic chip, where optical and electrical I/Os are realized using photonic and electrical wire bonding techniques. Study of the measurement results show a mean squared error (MSE) of 3.09$$\times $$ × 10$$^{-3}$$ - 3 for dot product calculations. The proposed IM-MRM, therefore, renders the crosstalk issue tractable and provides a solution for the development of large-scale optical information processing systems with multiple wavelengths.

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Section: Intensity-modulated Microring Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a high-density photonic tensor core enabled by intensity-modulated microrings and photonic wire bonding

Luan

Salmani

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Amplitude modulation of an MRM can also be achieved by modulating the coupling between the microring cavity and the bus waveguide. For example, in [59], a segmented MZM was used as a variable coupler of a microring resonator for DAC-less coupling modulation.…”

Section: Microring Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon photonic modulators for PAM transmissions

Shi

Sepehrian

et al. 2018

J. Opt.

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High-speed optical interconnects are crucial for both high performance computing and data centers. High power consumption and limited device bandwidth have hindered the move to higher optical transmission speeds. Integrated optical transceivers in silicon photonics using pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) are a promising solution to increase data rates. In this paper, we review recent progress in silicon photonics for PAM transmissions.

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“…High-speed silicon modulators are generally based on phase modulation by free carrier concentration variations. Various structures have been investigated in order to generate PAM-4 signals, including Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), ring resonator modulators (RRMs) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder modulators (RAMZMs) [23][24][25], Mach-Zehnder assisted ring modulators (MZARMs) [26,27], or Michelson interferometer-based modulators (MIMs) [28]. Until now, most of the reported demonstrations have been done in the C-band of communications, while the development of PAM-4 modulators in the O-band is still in its infancy [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAM-4 signals are usually generated in the electrical domain by means of power-hungry digital-to-analog converters (DACs), before being converted to the optical domain by the modulator. To reduce the overall power consumption, new DAC-less configurations have been proposed, enabling the generation of the four intensity levels in the optical domain from two independent binary electrical sources [5][6][7][8][9][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][25][26][27][28]. A common approach to generate PAM-4 levels with two driving sources is to use segmented electrodes, as it has the advantage of lowering the power consumption and allowing high symbol rates [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DAC-less PAM-4 generation in the O-band using a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator

Deniel¹,

Gay²,

Pérez‐Galacho³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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We demonstrate 20-Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal generation using a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) in the O-band. The modulator is driven by two independent binary streams, and the PAM-4 signal is thus generated directly on the chip, avoiding the use of power-hungry digital-to-analog converters (DACs). With optimized amplitude levels of the binary signals applied to the two arms of the MZM, a preforward error correction (FEC) bit-error rate (BER) as low as 7.6 × 10 −7 is obtained. In comparison with a commercially available LiNbO 3 modulator, the penalty is only 2 dB at the KP4 FEC threshold of 2.2 × 10 −4 .

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A Ring-Based 25 Gb/s DAC-Less PAM-4 Modulator

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Towards a high-density photonic tensor core enabled by intensity-modulated microrings and photonic wire bonding

Towards a high-density photonic tensor core enabled by intensity-modulated microrings and photonic wire bonding

Silicon photonic modulators for PAM transmissions

DAC-less PAM-4 generation in the O-band using a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator

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