A Rheological Approach to the Archtecture of Arterial Walls

Azuma, Takehiko; Hasegawa, Masamitsu

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.21.27

Cited by 83 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Roach & Burton (1959) studied arteries by differential digestion of elastin or collagen in the artery and measured the resulting mechanical changes of the artery after digestion. Based on this idea, Oka (1972) formulated a theoretical analysis of arterial wall which resulted in several important studies by Oka & Azuma (1970), Azuma & Oka (1971) and Azuma & Hasagawa (1971). Azuma & Hasegawa discussed the rheological properties of arteries and veins in terms of the networks of collagen, elastin and smooth muscles in the wall.…”

Section: Wall Micro-structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system: the aorta as an illustratory example

Kassab

2006

J. R. Soc. Interface.

100

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Biomechanics relates the function of a physiological system to its structure. The objective of biomechanics is to deduce the function of a system from its geometry, material properties and boundary conditions based on the balance laws of mechanics (e.g. conservation of mass, momentum and energy). In the present review, we shall outline the general approach of biomechanics. As this is an enormously broad field, we shall consider a detailed biomechanical analysis of the aorta as an illustration. Specifically, we will consider the geometry and material properties of the aorta in conjunction with appropriate boundary conditions to formulate and solve several well-posed boundary value problems. Among other issues, we shall consider the effect of longitudinal pre-stretch and surrounding tissue on the mechanical status of the vessel wall. The solutions of the boundary value problems predict the presence of mechanical homeostasis in the vessel wall. The implications of mechanical homeostasis on growth, remodelling and postnatal development of the aorta are considered.

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Section: Wall Micro-structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system: the aorta as an illustratory example

Kassab

2006

J. R. Soc. Interface.

100

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“…34 35 If, in contrast, there was a significant helical pitch for structural fibers, it would be necessary to include measurements of shearing strains in the analysis of elasticity. 34 Based on analysis of dynamic elasticity experiments, Azuma and Hasegawa 36 have suggested a variation of SM pitch for vessels of different location. While for some time it was felt that SM was primarily significant as a viscoelastic component in the passive dynamic properties, it has recently become evident that SM is important in determining the passive elastic properties of the arteri al wall, as reviewed by Roach.…”

Section: Muscle Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationships among wall structure, smooth muscle orientation, and contraction in human major cerebral arteries.

Walmsley¹,

Campling²,

Chertkow³

1983

Stroke

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SUMMARY Human major cerebral arteries were fixed under pressure in the brain or after excision and ligation. They were sectioned and stained for light microscopy. Stereological point counting was used on mid-plane longitudinal sections of ten segments to determine that the media occupied 52.0% ± 6.39 (SD) of the arterial wall and that the smooth muscle comprised 72.0% ± 4.76 (SD) of the media. In arterial segments containing nine planar bifurcations, areas of varying muscle orientation and composition were identified and mapped out. A circumferential alignment of smooth muscle was consistently found in the cerebral branching systems except for the bifurcation region proximal to the apex at major bifurcations where the regular pattern was replaced by multilayered multidirectional smooth muscle. Theoretical models relating smooth muscle contraction to arterial caliber in cylindrical segments are outlined. In the extreme case of complete closure of an artery, our prediction is that for a typical cerebral arterial media the outermost muscle cells should have to contract to 42% of their relaxed length. The possible importance of medial smooth muscle patterns in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular lesions is discussed. relate this to previous analyses. Stroke 13,14Our results are based upon light microscopic observations made on stained sections of major cerebral arteries. Our data on orientation of cells are based on the fact that nuclei of SM are aligned with the cellular axis. 15 The size and number density of nuclei in cerebral arteries as well as the circular orientation in non-branching regions has been reported previously by us.16 ' 17 Hassler 1 found that 31% of 157 autopsies had a "medial defect" in at least one cerebral bifurcation. This defect is characterized by the lack of SM in a patch near the apex.Although Hassler 1 investigated most aspects of cere bral arterial structure, including distribution of SM, he did not specifically discuss the change in SM organiza tion around the medial defects in the bifurcation re gion. In spite of Hassler's detailed study and a more recent survey of cerebrovascular pathology by Steh bens, 2 there seem to be no definite histological corre lates associated with spasm. However, a correlation between fibromuscular dysplasia and intracranial an eurysm diseases seems to be well established. 18The present study was undertaken to describe the SM structure in relation to empirical and theoretical considerations of major cerebral arterial mechanics and cerebrovascular disease. We report the change of SM orientation near the bifurcation, the percentage of muscle in the wall and the effect of SM contraction on luminal constriction. Material and Methods HistologyHuman cerebral arterial specimens were obtained from autopsies exhibiting no neurological pathology. The range in ages was 22 to 78 years. A method, similar to that reported by Hassler, 1 was used to pre serve arterial segments in their distended state. The brain was removed and suspended in cloth to preserve its original sh...

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“…Most authors agree that vessels are not only elastic, but viscoelastic (Apter 1966, Azuma 1971, T Bauer 1982, Bergel 1964, Craiem 2008, Fung 1984, Goto 1966, Greven 1976, Hasegawa 1983, Nadasy 1988, Orosz 1999a, 1999b, Steiger 1989, Toth 1998, Zatzman 1954. Vessels show all the three typical viscotic phenomena, the creep (viscotic elongation at continuous stress, Fig 5a.), the stress relaxation (decreasing stresses after unit-step elongation, Fig 5b.) and hysteresis loops (difference between upward and downward routes of the stress-strain curves, Fig.…”

Section: Viscosity Of the Vessel Wallmentioning

confidence: 93%

Elements of Vascular Mechanics

Nádasy¹

2012

Human Musculoskeletal Biomechanics

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A Rheological Approach to the Archtecture of Arterial Walls

Cited by 83 publications

References 16 publications

Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system: the aorta as an illustratory example

Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system: the aorta as an illustratory example

Interrelationships among wall structure, smooth muscle orientation, and contraction in human major cerebral arteries.

Elements of Vascular Mechanics

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