Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system: the aorta as an illustratory example

Kassab, Ghassan S.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0138

Cited by 94 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…It is also not clear whether the area ratio depends linearly on age since the prestrain, which is a dimensionless deformation measure, depends nonlinearly on age [22,23]. Finally, it should be noted that this was a somewhat simplified interpretation, since the cylindrical geometry of an artery is also prestrained in the circumferential direction (this strain is usually called "residual" and is manifested when a radial cut of an arterial ring is made as an abrupt opening to a sector [30,31]). We therefore prefer to use CAI, although its biomechanical interpretation is not as straightforward as in case of the area ratio.…”

Section: Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age estimation based on a combined arteriosclerotic index

et al. 2011

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This study introduces a new quantity, the combined arteriosclerotic index (CAI), which is defined as the ratio between the diameter and the longitudinal prestrain of an artery. The longitudinal prestrain has been adopted as the ratio between the in situ length and the excised length of the abdominal aorta, and is a measure of arterial elasticity. During ageing, arteriosclerosis is manifested by the loss of pretension and by enlargement of the diameter of the artery. CAI combines these two effects. A sample of 61 female and 194 male autopsy measurements of human abdominal aortas shows that CAI correlates significantly with chronological age (R = 0.916/0.921; female/male). The sample had the following parameters: age 53 ± 19/48 ± 16 years; diameter of the abdominal aorta 12.4 ± 2.2/13.4 ± 2.1 mm; and longitudinal prestrain 1.13 ± 0.10/1.15 ± 0.10 (mean ± sample standard deviation; female/male). The resulting CAI was 11.2 ± 2.7/11.9 ± 2.6 mm. The classical linear regression model was employed for age estimation by CAI. The model gave a residual standard deviation of 7.6/6.3 years and a 95% prediction interval range of ± 15.4/12.5 years (female/male). A two-sample t-test confirmed that there are significant differences between the female and male population during ageing, reflected by CAI, unlike longitudinal prestrain. It was concluded that CAI is a suitable predictor of age at time of death and is easily obtainable in the autopsy room.

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Section: Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age estimation based on a combined arteriosclerotic index

et al. 2011

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“…Although the mechanical properties of the aorta have received considerable attention (see recent review in Kassab, 2006), most studies have dealt with animal species only. Thus, testing of fresh human aortas is needed, and the accuracy of constitutive models and finite element simulations must be ascertained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behavior of human aortas: Experiments, material constants and 3-D finite element modeling including residual stress

Labrosse

Beller

Mesana

et al. 2009

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Blood serves as the vehicle for delivery and removal of nutrients and waste products respectively, while the vessels serve as the highways. These 'highways' have a passive capacitance function that maintains the BP in diastole, and an active auto-regulatory control that allows the organ to respond to local metabolic demands (Kassab, 2006).…”

Section: The Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats I. A. RAJITulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family, Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa (SA), this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension (HTN) and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.The MLE of T. violacea (5 -150 mg/kg), angiotensin I (ang I, 3.1 -100 µg/kg), captopril (10 mg/kg), angiotensin II (ang II, 3.1 -50 µg/kg), losartan (30 mg/kg), phenylephrine T. violacea (60 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into iii some SHR for 21 days to investigate the chronic effect of these agents on plasma levels of aldosterone. The mean change, the mean of the individual percentage changes and the percentage difference (in mean) observed with each intervention was calculated and statistically analyzed using the Student's t test for significant difference (p < 0.05). The Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.T. violacea significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP;and HR dose-dependently. In a dose-dependent manner, ang I, ang II, phenylephrine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the BP, while propranolol, muscarine and atropine reduced the BP. The increases in BP due to dobutamine were not dose-dependent. In a dose dependent manner, phenylephrine and propranolol reduced the HR, while dobutamine increased the HR. The effect of ang I, ang II, muscarine and atropine on HR were not dose-dependent; with both increases as well as decreases observed with ang I, and II and atropine, while decreases were seen with muscarine. Captopril produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP which were not associated with any change in HR.The co-infusion of ang I with the MLE produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP, which were not associated with significant changes in HR. The co-infusion of ang II with the MLE did not produce any significant changes in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of the standard drug alone. The co-infusion of phenylephrine with the MLE did

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Biomechanics of the cardiovascular system: the aorta as an illustratory example

Cited by 94 publications

References 158 publications

Age estimation based on a combined arteriosclerotic index

Age estimation based on a combined arteriosclerotic index

Mechanical behavior of human aortas: Experiments, material constants and 3-D finite element modeling including residual stress

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

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