A Revision of the Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale

Abstract

This article reports the results of 2 studies designed to test and revise the Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale (J. G. Ponterotto et al., 1996). Collective results support the 2‐factor extraction (Knowledge and Awareness) as the best fit model and provide initial indices of validity and internal consistency reliability for the newly titled Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale. Este artículo informa los resultados de 2 estudios diseñados para probar y revisar la Escala de Conciencia de Consejería Multicultural (J. G. Ponterotto et al., 1996). Los resultados colectivos sostienen la extracción de 2 factures (el Conocimiento y la Conciencia) como el mejor modelo y proporcionan los índices iniciales de validez y fiabilidad de la consistencia interna para la nuevamente titulada Escala de Conocimiento y Conciencia de Consejería Multicultural.

Development and initial validation of the Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale--Racial Diversity Form.

“…Bandura (1997) (Constantine & Ladany, 2001;Sue, 2001;Sue et al, 1982;Sue et al, 1992); (b) models of multicultural counseling (D'Andrea & Daniels, 2001;Fuertes & Gretchen, 2001;Ponterotto et al, 2000); (c) assessment of multicultural counseling competence (Coleman, 1996;D'Andrea et al, 1991;LaFromboise et al, 1991;Ponterotto et al, 2002;Sodowsky et al, 1994;Worthington, Mobley, Franks, & Tan, 2000); and (d) training of multicultural competencies (Abreu et al, 2000;Constantine, 2001a;Constantine & Ladany, 2000;Constantine, Ladany, Inman, & Ponterotto, 1996;Ponterotto & Casas, 1987;Quintana & Bernal, 1995). In addition to the progress made in theory and assessment, a recent survey indicated that 73% of APA-accredited counseling psychology programs offered one or more multicultural courses, and 42% of them required a multicultural course (Quintana & Bernal, 1995).…”

“…The Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale (MCKAS), formerly titled the Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale (MCAS; Ponterotto et al, 1996), was revised to assess the knowledge and awareness components of multicultural counseling competence (Ponterotto et al, 2002). Originally, Ponterotto, Sanchez, and Magids (1991) attempted to develop the MCAS to measure the Sue et al tripartite model (awareness, knowledge, and skills).…”

“…Originally, Ponterotto, Sanchez, and Magids (1991) attempted to develop the MCAS to measure the Sue et al tripartite model (awareness, knowledge, and skills). However, both qualitative and statistical procedures supported a two-factor model, with the knowledge and skills items loading together and the awareness items loading on a separate factor.…”

“…After revision, the MCKAS comprises 32 items assessing only the knowledge and awareness dimensions and leaving out the skills dimension. Initial reliability and validity evidence was provided for the MCKAS (Ponterotto et al, 2002).…”

“…Having existed for two decades, the multicultural counseling competency literature has increased our awareness of the importance of training culturally competent professionals. However, existing measurement tools, such as the MCI (Sodowsky et al, 1994) and the MCAS (Ponterotto et al, 2002), have focused primarily on multicultural knowledge and awareness while attending minimally to what a counselor actually does with racially diverse clients to bring about positive outcomes.…”