A Revision ofPhilander(Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Part 1:P. quica,P. canus, and a New Species from Amazonia

Abstract

This is the first installment of a revision of the didelphid marsupial genus Philander, commonly known as gray four-eyed opossums. Although abundant and widespread in lowland tropical forests from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, species of Philander are not well understood taxonomically, and the current literature includes many examples of conflicting species definitions and nomenclatural usage. Our revision is based on coalescent analyses of mitochondrial gene sequences, phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, morphometric analyses, and firsthand examination of relevant type material. Based on these results, we provisionally recognize eight species, of which three are formally treated in this report: P. quica (Temminck, 1824), an Atlantic Forest endemic formerly known as P. frenatus (Olfers, 1818); P. canus (Osgood, 1913), a widespread species formerly treated as a synonym or subspecies of P. opossum (Linnaeus, 1758); and P. pebas, a new species endemic to Amazonia. The remaining, possibly valid, species of Philander can be allocated to two clades. The first is a cis-Andean complex that includes P. andersoni (Osgood, 1913); P. mcilhennyi Gardner and Patton, 1972; and P. opossum. The second is a transAndean complex that includes P. melanurus (Thomas, 1899) and P. pallidus (Allen, 1901). Among other nomenclatural acts, we designate a neotype for the long-problematic nominal taxon Didelphis superciliaris Olfers, 1818, and (in an appendix coauthored by Renate Angermann), we establish that Olfers' coeval binomen D. frenata is based on an eastern Amazonian type and is a junior synonym of P. opossum.

Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil

“…After five years, the last list of mammals occurring in Brazil (Percequillo & Gregorin 2017) presented a total of 721 species. During the short period of two years between the publication of Percequillo & Gregorin (2017) list and the annotated checklist herein presented, 15 new taxa were described (Miranda et al 2018, Pavan et al 2017, Quintela et al 2017, Pavan et al 2018, Voss et al 2018, Boubli et al 2019, Pavan 2019, Peçanha et al 2019, Velazco & Patterson 2019, Costa-Araújo et al 2019, Abreu-Júnior & Percequillo 2019, most of them supported by genetic analyses. This, added to synonimizations (e.g.…”

An assessment of species limits of the South American mouse genus Oligoryzomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) using unilocus delimitation methods

“…Finally, the likely existence of hidden specific diversity in a Neotropical genus of rodents is not a novelty. Previous studies have revelled candidate species that posteriorly were recognized as distinct species in several groups of small Neotropical mammals including marsupials (D'Elía et al ; Pavan, Mendes‐Oliveira, & Voss, ; Voss, Díaz‐Nieto, & Jansa, ), bats (Hurtado & D'Elía, ; Moratelli, Wilson, Novaes, Helgen, & Gutiérrez, ) and rodents (D’Elía, Hanson, et al, ; D'Elía, Teta, et al, ; Rengifo & Pacheco, ). Nonetheless, these efforts are not enough to adequately characterize the vast diversity of small Neotropical mammals.…”

基于遗传单系与鉴别特征的系统发生种的划分及其对哺乳动物分类学的意义

“…When applied based on sufficient geographic and taxonomic sampling, and, ideally (but not strictly necessary; see below), employing phylogenetic inferences using data from independent sources (e.g., DNA sequence data obtained from independently inherited genes), the dmPSC has improved the taxonomic classifications of various groups of mammals, some of which remained problematic for decades. Among studies that exemplify how the dmPSC has helped to advance mammalian systematics, even if some of them used this species concept without explicitly or correctly invoking it, are those on didelphid marsupials (e.g., Díaz-Nieto & Voss, 2016 ; Giarla et al, 2010 ; Gutiérrez et al, 2010 ; Martínez-Lanfranco et al, 2014 ; Pavan et al, 2017 ; Voss et al, 2018 ), rodents (e.g., Hawkins et al, 2016 ; do Prado & Percequillo, 2017 ; Rogers & González, 2010 ; Voss et al, 2013 ), bats (e.g., Baird et al, 2008 ; Molinari et al, 2017 ; Moras et al, 2016 ; Velazco et al, 2010 ), and medium and large mammals (e.g., Bornholdt et al, 2013 ; Gutiérrez et al, 2015 ; Helgen et al, 2009 , 2013 ; Janečka et al, 2008 ; Koepfli et al, 2008 ; Miranda et al, 2017 ; do Nascimento & Feijó, 2017 (and references therein for phylogenetic evidence)). These studies have not only unraveled the true-species nature of previously unrecognized species, but in many cases have shown that taxa considered as valid species for decades are not valid species at all.…”