A revised age for the Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra, a key marker for the Last Glacial Maximum in New Zealand

Vandergoes, Marcus J.; Hogg, Alan G.; Lowe, David J.; Newnham, Rewi M.; Denton, George H.; Southon, John; Barrell, David; Wilson, C. J. N.; McGlone, Matt S.; Allan, Aidan S. R.; Almond, Peter C.; Petchey, Fiona; Dabell, Kathleen; Dieffenbacher-Krall, Ann C.; Blaauw, Maarten

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.006

Cited by 182 publications

(168 citation statements)

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“…The young eruptive history of Taupo is exceptionally well constrained by field stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and correlation with other young tephras from the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) (Wilson 1993;). Taupo's caldera was primarily formed in the catastrophic 25.4 ka Oruanui event, the world's youngest supereruption, which evacuated >530 km 3 of magma (>1100 km 3 of pyroclastic material) (Wilson 2001;Wilson et al 2006; Vandergoes et al 2013;Allan 2013;Allan et al 2012Allan et al , 2013Fig. 1).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eruptive ages and volume estimates are from , Wilson and Charlier (2009) and references therein. The Oruanui eruption age is from Vandergoes et al (2013) 1a). Early tephrochronological studies proposed nine post-Oruanui (<25 ka) tephra formations (Baumgart 1954;Healy 1964;Vucetich and Pullar 1973;Froggatt and Lowe 1990); however, after reexamination and reinterpretation of Taupo's post-Oruanui stratigraphy (Wilson 1993), 28 eruptions that vary widely in their eruptive sizes and styles were identified and dated ( Fig.…”

Section: Eruptive Stratigraphy and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ages from Wilson (1993) a combination of 14 C ages from material in layers/palaeosols and loosely constrained by older/younger deposits (underlined). Age of Oruanui is from Vandergoes et al (2013), and age of Taupo is from Hogg et al (2012). Given volumes are estimates for the amount of erupted material.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-scale temporal recovery, reconstruction and evolution of a post-supereruption magmatic system

Barker

Wilson

Allan

et al. 2015

Contrib Mineral Petrol

214

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eruption of 25 rhyolitic units starting at ~12 ka. The dacites show strongly zoned minerals and wide variations in meltinclusion compositions, consistent with early magma mixing followed by periods of cooling and crystallisation at depths of >8 km, overlapping spatially with the inferred basal parts of the older Oruanui silicic mush system. The dacites reflect the first products of a new silicic system, as most of the Oruanui magmatic root zone was significantly modified in composition or effectively destroyed by influxes of hot mafic magmas following caldera collapse. The first rhyolites erupted between 12 and 10 ka formed through shallow (4-5 km depth) cooling and fractionation of melts from a source similar in composition to that generating the earlier dacites, with overlapping compositions for melt inclusions and crystal cores between the two magma types. For the successively younger rhyolite units, temporal changes in melt chemistry and mineral phase stability are observed, which reflect the development, stabilisation and maturation of a new, probably unitary, silicic mush system. This new mush system was closely linked to, and sometimes physically interacted with, underlying mafic melts of similar composition to those involved in the Oruanui supereruption. From the inferred depths of magma storage and geographical extent of vent sites, we consider that a large silicic mush system (>200 km 3 and possibly up to 1000 km 3 in volume) is now established at Taupo and is capable of feeding a new episode or cycle of volcanism at any stage in the future.

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Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eruptive Stratigraphy and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-scale temporal recovery, reconstruction and evolution of a post-supereruption magmatic system

Barker

Wilson

Allan

et al. 2015

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214

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“…The next major event was the Oruanui eruption, another 'super-eruption' episode at Taupo volcano, which generated about 530 km 3 of material (DRE) or 1170 km 3 as loose material (Wilson 2001) [48]. Also known as the Kawakawa eruption, the event is dated to c. 25,400 years ago (Vandergoes et al 2013) [39]. The complex eruption produced a number of pyroclastic flow deposits, everywhere soft and non-welded (i.e.…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dramatic Landscape

Lowe

King

2015

The Drama of Conservation

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This chapter introduces the story of Pureora Forest Park (PFP), in the central North Island, New Zealand, by describing the extremely violent Taupo eruption of c. AD 232 and its consequences for the surrounding forests and mountains. It gives a broad-scale local geological history, detailing the origins of some important local sedimentary rocks and landforms with a bearing on the story, including limestone caverns and coal deposits. It describes the location of the future PFP on the western edge of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, and how the history of volcanic activity, together with erosion, have determined much of the character of its landscape, the radial drainage pattern and deep entrenchment of its rivers, the distribution of its vegetation, and its long isolation from human access and permanent settlement. Contents

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“…The shards were subsequently identified as correlatives of the c. 25,400 cal. year-old Kawakawa tephra; 'cryptic' occurrences in loess elsewhere were also identified through glass-shard counting and major element analysis (Mew et al 1986;Eden & Froggatt 1988;Almond 1996;Vandergoes et al 2013). Lowe et al (1981) andLowe (1988a) were among the first to use X-radiography to detect non-visible glass shard concentrations in peat and lake sediments and to characterize them using a rapid X-ray fluorescence technique, and Hogg & McCraw (1983, p. 182) used the sparse occurrence of distinct (optically dark green) aegirine crystals in ash-derived soils and palaeosols to map c. 7000 cal.…”

Section: Tephrochronological Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine tephrochronology: a personal perspective

Lowe

2014

Self Cite

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IntroductionThis special volume on marine tephrochronology is remarkable, and timely, because it marks a concerted step towards what might be informally termed 'phase 3' of a revolution in Quaternary geosciences that began around 40 years ago. The ten articles collectively represent a re-focussed examination of tephras and cryptotephras preserved in ocean sediments at various locations and the authors describe their significance for a range of subdisciplines. Eight provide a new understanding of the origin, distribution, and ages of various tephra and cryptotephra deposits and their stratigraphic inter-relationships; how the terrestrial ages of the tephra/crypotephra deposits relate to those of enclosing sediments and inform the ongoing development of the marine radiocarbon time-scale; mechanisms for the emplacement, remobilisation, or bioturbation of the tephras or cryptotephras; and volcanic eruption history. Two further articles document the characterization of tephra-derived glass shards using microbeam techniques to analyse 3040 elements from individual shards as small as 10 µm in diameter. The collection thus provides snapshots of many aspects of the latest developments and directions in tephra studies -volcanology, primary and secondary dispersal, stratigraphy, single-grain characterization, chronology -through the medium of marine sediments. My personal perspective reflects briefly on how this point was reached and identifies a few of the important milestones on the way from 'phase 1' to 'phase 3'. I am privileged to write it.3

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A revised age for the Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra, a key marker for the Last Glacial Maximum in New Zealand

Cited by 182 publications

References 32 publications

Fine-scale temporal recovery, reconstruction and evolution of a post-supereruption magmatic system

Fine-scale temporal recovery, reconstruction and evolution of a post-supereruption magmatic system

A Dramatic Landscape

Marine tephrochronology: a personal perspective

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