A Review Study on the Postharvest Decay Control of Fruit byTrichoderma

Abstract

This chapter consists of an overview with the most relevant results about the efficacy of Trichoderma on postharvest disease control. The results of investigations demonstrate that this fungus can control several phytopathogens in different fruits. Postharvest losses represent a major problem in several countries. The constant application of fungicides not only at field but also at postharvest stage has led to microbial resistance cases, which make the control of these pathogens difficult. Biological control is a promising alternative to chemical fungicide applications. In this sense, an eco-friendly alternative and effective approach for controlling diseases is the use of microbial antagonists like Trichoderma, which have several mechanisms of action to stop disease development. A crucial treat in biological control is related to the maintenance of microbial viability and efficacy, that is why other technologies like their incorporation into edible films and coatings, nanotechnology, microbial mixtures, among others have been applied in combination with Trichoderma successfully. An enhancement in biocontrol activity is achieved when alternative systems are combined like GRAS substances, biopolymers, and other antagonists. Thus, Trichoderma is an eco-friendly alternative to threat postharvest diseases as an alternative to chemical treatments.

Effects of lemon (Citrus Limon L.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) essential oils against of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum

“…Worldwide postharvest loss of perishables due to fungal pathogens have been reported in the range of 10%-60%. 1,2 Postharvest products present high susceptibility to infection by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum, two very aggressive cosmopolitan fungi responsible for large postharvest waste of perishable products. Annual economic losses of B. cinerea has been reported to exceed $10 billion worldwide, while the annual global expenses for Botrytis control exceed €1 billion.…”

“…Worldwide postharvest loss of perishables due to fungal pathogens have been reported in the range of 10%–60% 1,2 . Postharvest products present high susceptibility to infection by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum , two very aggressive cosmopolitan fungi responsible for large postharvest waste of perishable products.…”