A Review on Vector Borne Disease Transmission: Current Strategies of Mosquito Vector Control

Abstract

.In this review, the mosquito vector borne diseases (VBD) majorly malaria, dengue, filariasis, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, Zika were presented to comprehend the global disease incidence as the control of these disease transmitting vectors are challengeable globally nowadays. It has been found that malaria affects nearly 500 million people and lymphatic filariasis about 100 million people worldwide every year. About 25 million people are infected by dengue, with approximately 25,000 deaths annually. For mosquito larval adult control measures, synthetic pesticides playing major role but owing to resistance development its application is impeded. Alternatively, bacterial biopesticides are very useful for larval control mainly due to environment friendliness and lack of resistance development. As of now, Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) and B. thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) are in use but Bs is nowadays not recommended for field application due to resistance. Significant results on resistance development are noticed in India, Brazil and France. Due to these situations, there is a growing interest in discovering novel biological agents from natural sources. In the present review, the current global scenario of VBDs were discussed.

Updates on traditional methods for combating malaria and emerging Wolbachia-based interventions

“…Insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes, reported since the, 1950s, now threatens malaria control, risking a disease resurgence ( Suh et al., 2023 ). Insecticide resistance is a global concern, affecting over 500 insect species, including over 50 Anopheles species responsible for transmitting malaria to humans ( Manikandan et al., 2022 ). Large-scale efforts, including ITNs, indoor spraying, and improved case management, reduced malaria cases from 81.1 per, 1000 in, 2000 to 58.9 in, 2015 ( Suh et al., 2023 ).…”

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Traditional Antimalarial and Antidengue Plants: A Mechanistic Perspective

“…Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes transmit P. falciparum , which causes chikungunya, dengue, malaria, yellow fever, Zika fever, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis among other awful illnesses, to humans [ 100 ]. Many areas, including industrial, pharmaceutical, and medical, rely on research into the production of bio-metal nanoparticles [ 101 ]. This encompasses both diagnostics and therapies, exhibiting a wide array of in vitro properties such as antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antibiofilm efficacy, as well as impacting inflammatory and coagulation responses.…”

Urbanization structures urban insect communities in aquatic microhabitats

“…Furthermore, pollination by adult dipterans whose larvae develop in aquatic microhabitats is an important ecosystem service (Orford et al 2015) that may be changed in urban space if insect larvae respond to urbanization. On the other hand, tree-hole inhabiting mosquitoes that may bene t from urbanization can act as disease vectors and may threaten human health (Manikandan et al 2022). However, there is not much information on urban aquatic microecosystems such as tree holes, their infauna and their responses to urbanization.…”

“…However, for the congeneric species Aedes aeqypti it could be shown that with increasing urbanization their host preference shifted towards humans(Rose et al 2020). Due to the potential of transmitting diseases by several species of the genus Aedes(Manikandan et al 2022), we encourage public information campaigns on the larval development of mosquito species and possible countermeasures such as the prevention of temporary waters in residential areas to avoid further spreads and a potential colonization of further hazardous species such as Aedes albopictus(Manikandan et al 2022;Skinner et al 2023).…”