A review on TiO2-based nanotubes synthesized via hydrothermal method: Formation mechanism, structure modification, and photocatalytic applications

Liu, Nan; Chen, Xiaoyin; Zhang, Jinli; Schwank, Johannes W.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.090

Cited by 481 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Since the discovery of its photocatalytic activity more than four decades ago, TiO 2 has received a great deal of attention as a photocatalyst owing to its excellent properties, such as environmental friendliness, chemical stability, and low cost [1][2][3][4][5]. Despite extensive effort worldwide, there are still problems which limit the effectiveness of TiO 2 catalyst, including restrictive light absorption (only responsive to ultraviolet light with a wavelength below 387 nm due to its wide band-gap); fast charge-carrier recombination; and low interfacial charge-transfer rate of photogenerated carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Khan et al found C-doped TiO 2 could absorb light at wavelengths up to 535 nm [7]. Moreover, it is well known that the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 can be improved by control of morphology and structure of TiO 2 [5,[9][10][11]. TiO 2 with various morphologies, such as nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets, and nanowires, have been prepared and investigated as phocatalysts [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Crystallized C-Doped Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 with Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Highly crystallized C-doped mesoporous anatase TiO 2 is prepared using a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mat as both a "rigid" pore template and a carbon doping source. SEM and TEM characterization shows that the MWCNT template imposed a pore structure in reverse of that of the MWCNT mat. The pore walls are formed by chain-like interconnected TiO 2 nanocrystals with an average diameter about 10 nm, and pores are derived from spaces occupied by MWCNTs before removal. XRD characterization shows that TiO 2 is crystallized with a pure anatase phase. XPS characterization reveals that the relative carbon content in the TiO 2 is related to the duration of TiO 2 /MWCNT composite annealing before removal of MWCNT template. Three plateau of adsorption from 450-800 nm in UV-Vis spectra in comparison to that of P25; and display visible light photocatalytic activity for decomposition of methyl orange (MO) in relationship with the carbon content and crystallinity of the anatase TiO 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Crystallized C-Doped Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 with Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, there are several good reviews summarizing recent progress on UV-vis-light-activated photocatalysts, as well as strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. [17][18][19][20] As is well known, the photonic energy of visible light is low, and that of NIR light is even lower. Photoinduced redox requires an initial amount of energy to activate the process; however, NIR photonic energy may be too low to realize photoinduced The realization of light-chemical energy conversion using solar light is an ideal goal in renewable energy studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐Spectrum Solar‐Light‐Activated Photocatalysts for Light–Chemical Energy Conversion

Wang

Sang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

242

116

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photocatalysis based on semiconductors represents another route for light energy conversion. This route endows the direct conversion of light energy into oxidation and reduction energy via charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in the semiconductors. For instance, the photocatalytic degradation of harmful and toxic organic substances, dyes, and chemicals has been considered to be a suitable candidate for removing organic pollution from water, [5][6][7][8] where photooxidation dominates the degradation of the organic molecules. The full process of photocatalytic water splitting into H 2 and O 2 is believed to be promising for generating renewable and green energy, [9,10] and the process includes the photoreduction and photooxidation of water, respectively. The photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 can convert solar energy into chemical energy, stored as CH 4 , CO, CH 3 OH, etc. [11][12][13] These processes can help reduce the pressure of the global warming crisis and supply usable renewable energy. Due to the precise control of photocatalytic reduction and oxidation, photocatalytic molecular synthesis has also attracted much interest, which provides a sustainable pathway for green synthesis. [14][15][16] For an efficient photocatalytic process, solar light harvesting and a redox process based on photogenerated charge carriers are essential steps. Solar light harvesting consists of light absorption and charge carrier excitation steps, which can be expressed as the light utilization efficiency. The efficiency determines the total energy converted from solar light and is mostly determined by the band structure of the semiconductor applied to the photocatalytic process.The photocatalytic process has been extensively studied by examining the response of photocatalysts to UV light, due to its relatively high photonic energy. As is well known, UV light energy amounts to no more than 5% of the solar light energy. Visible light and near-infrared (NIR) light contain approximately 90% of the solar light energy. To utilize solar light in order to solve the environmental and energy crisis, visible light and NIR-light-activated photocatalysts are essential. For decades, many studies have focused on expanding the range over which a photocatalyst can utilize the solar light spectrum. In addition, there are several good reviews summarizing recent progress on UV-vis-light-activated photocatalysts, as well as strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. [17][18][19][20] As is well known, the photonic energy of visible light is low, and that of NIR light is even lower. Photoinduced redox requires an initial amount of energy to activate the process; however, NIR photonic energy may be too low to realize photoinduced The realization of light-chemical energy conversion using solar light is an ideal goal in renewable energy studies. Many reports are concerned with extracting energy from solar light and the use/storage of the converted energy. Due to the progress in solar light absorption with various photocatalysts, the vari...

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“…The synthesis by anodization is a process capable of forming an oxide layer on the surface of a metal, allowing the growth of highly organized TiO2 nanotubes (Zhang et al, 2007). Disadvantageously, this process requires the use of toxic hydrofluoric acid solution (Liu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanate Nanotubes Produced From Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis: Characterization, Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity

Manique

Silva

Alves

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-A microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method was employed to synthesize TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and these were compared to the conventional hydrothermal (CH) method. The nanotubes were characterized for their crystallinity, morphology, surface area and photocatalytic activity. The TiO2 P25 was used for comparison purposes and efficiently degraded both dyes. However, methylene blue was adsorbed on the nanotube surfaces, which can be attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the cationic methylene blue and the negatively charged TNT surface. On the other hand, all nanotubes had a photocatalytic performance with methyl orange (anionic dye). Additional degradation was observed for nanotubes synthesized via the MAH method at 150 °C. This can be directly related to their larger surface area. Adsorption mechanisms of TNTs were also discussed by applying the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The results show an efficient dye wastewater treatment through the application of TNT photocatalyst.

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A review on TiO2-based nanotubes synthesized via hydrothermal method: Formation mechanism, structure modification, and photocatalytic applications

Cited by 481 publications

References 232 publications

Highly Crystallized C-Doped Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 with Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Highly Crystallized C-Doped Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 with Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Full‐Spectrum Solar‐Light‐Activated Photocatalysts for Light–Chemical Energy Conversion

Titanate Nanotubes Produced From Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis: Characterization, Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity

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