A review on the virtual power plant: Components and operation systems

Ghavidel, Sahand; Li, Li; Aghaei, Jamshid; Yu, Tao; Zhu, Jianguo

doi:10.1109/powercon.2016.7754037

Cited by 84 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The aggregated DERs maintain reliability of renewable energy resources [18] and address grid congestion [19]. VPPs can be managed by third-party aggregators, BRPs, or suppliers [20,21].…”

Section: Virtual Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DR in DER portfolios consists of flexible loads and energy storage [24]. Flexible loads refer to loads or consumption patterns shifted in response to price signals (e.g., heating, cooling, and charging of electrical vehicles) [18]. VPPs require energy storage to store energy such as Hydraulic Pumped Energy Storage (HPES), Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), Flywheel Energy Storage (FES), Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and electric vehicles [18].…”

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flexible loads refer to loads or consumption patterns shifted in response to price signals (e.g., heating, cooling, and charging of electrical vehicles) [18]. VPPs require energy storage to store energy such as Hydraulic Pumped Energy Storage (HPES), Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), Flywheel Energy Storage (FES), Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and electric vehicles [18]. VPPs are coordinated through ICT systems that help to reduce transmission system losses, relieve congestions, and provide grid stability [25].…”

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VVPs optimize and aggregate DERs' capacity (DG units and DR) and provide DERs with visibility and market access [18,21]. VPP owners submit bids and optimize DERs' revenue in the wholesale market [26].…”

Section: Systems-of-interests In Virtual Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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Buildings as prosumers have an important role in the energy aggregation market due to their potential flexible energy consumption and distributed energy resources. However, energy flexibility provided by buildings can be very complex and depend on many factors. The immaturity of the current aggregation market with unclear incentives is still a challenge for buildings to participate in the aggregation market. However, few studies have investigated business models for building participation in the aggregation market. Therefore, this paper develops four business models for buildings to participate in the energy aggregation market: (1) buildings participate in the implicit Demand Response (DR) program via retailers; (2) buildings with small energy consumption participate in the explicit DR via aggregators; (3) buildings directly access the explicit DR program; (4) buildings access energy market via Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregators by providing Distributed Energy Resources (DER)s. This paper also determines that it is essential to understand building owners' needs, comforts, and behaviours to develop feasible market access strategies for different types of buildings. Meanwhile, the incentive programs, national regulations and energy market structures strongly influence buildings' participation in the aggregation market. Under the current Nordic market regulation, business model one is the most feasible one, and business model two faces more challenges due to regulation barriers and limited monetary incentives.

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“…The aggregated DERs maintain reliability of renewable energy resources [18] and address grid congestion [19]. VPPs can be managed by third-party aggregators, BRPs, or suppliers [20,21].…”

Section: Virtual Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Components Of Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systems-of-interests In Virtual Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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“…Through DR, loads (e.g. space heating/cooling, water heater, cloth dryer and EVs) are shifted in response to the price signals [49,50]. DR is mainly participated by large electricity consumers (e.g.…”

Section: Hypothesis 31-building Owners Who Have Ders Are More Willinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Central Energy Flexibility in Office Buildings

Billanes¹,

Ma²,

Jôrgensen³

2017

JEPE

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Energy flexibility in buildings will play an important role in the smart energy system. Office buildings have more potentials to provide energy flexibility to the grid compared to other types of buildings, due to the existing building management, control systems and large energy consumption. Consumers in office buildings (building owners/managers and occupants) take a main role for adopting and engaging in building energy flexibility. This paper provides a systematic review of consumer central energy flexibility in office buildings with the discussion of social, technical and business aspects. This paper clarifies the correlations of consumers" concerns, external influential factors, energy flexibility resources and technology with eight hypotheses. This paper suggests that technical solutions with the integration of distributed energy resources, building management and control system can boost energy flexibility in the office buildings.

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Techno‐economic analysis of solar grid‐based virtual power plant in Indian power sector: A case study

Sharma

Mishra

2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The environmental threat and rising fuel prices are the two major challenges faced by the utility to provide clean and affordable electricity to the consumers. The change in government policies provides assistance for large‐scale deployment of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) like rooftop solar PV, but at the same time, the intermittent nature of this renewable‐based DER produce adverse effects on utility stability and its economic viability. The concept of virtual power plant (VPP) can be a possible solution for these issues through coordination and scheduling of DER, storage, and flexible load, which results in secure operation with high penetration of DER and utility peak‐load reduction. In this paper, the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER‐CAM) is utilized, which is a Mixed Integer Linear Programming‐based decision‐making tool. For determining the potential of VPP and its implications, a case study of Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL), a state power utility, is studied. The main objectives of the paper are cost minimization, peak‐load reduction, and reliability enhancement. The DER‐CAM model simulates different load profiles, and the optimal investment solution is determined, which ensures monetary benefits for both consumer and utility.

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A review on the virtual power plant: Components and operation systems

Cited by 84 publications

References 59 publications

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Consumer Central Energy Flexibility in Office Buildings

Techno‐economic analysis of solar grid‐based virtual power plant in Indian power sector: A case study

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