A Review on the Use of Self-Curing Agents and Its Mechanism in High-Performance Cementitious Materials

Hamzah, Noraliza; Saman, Hamidah Mohd; Baghban, Mohammad Hajmohammadian; Sam, Abdul Rahman Mohd; Faridmehr, Iman; Sidek, Muhd Norhasri Muhd; Benjeddou, Omrane; Huseien, Ghasan Fahim

doi:10.3390/buildings12020152

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…With regard to the mechanisms that underlay the EMs’ enhancement of concrete properties, previous studies claimed that the addition of EMs can reduce the surface tension of the mixed water, allowing it to create tinier holes when assed to concrete; this condition contributes to the increase in strength values [ 43 , 70 ]. The results of this study are consistent with the one reported by Huseien et al [ 71 ], wherein the inclusion of 10%EMs as mixing water was shown to improve strength by 42.5, 25, and 14.5% at 3, 7, and 28 curing days, respectively.…”

Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Microorganisms and Glass Nanopowders from Waste Bottle Inclusion on Early Strength and Microstructure Properties of High-Volume Fly-Ash-Based Concrete

et al. 2022

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In concrete production, the use of high-volume fly ash (FA) as the cement substitute became interesting to achieve more sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials. However, concrete produced using high volumes of FA as cement substitute suffers from various limitations such as low strength at early ages. Considering the engineering solutions and economy of FA-included concrete, it has become vital to address such issues. In this perception, some concrete mixes were designed using more abundant and low-cost local waste materials such as waste glass bottle nanopowders (WGBNPs) and effective microorganisms (EMs) to determine the feasibility of compensating for the strength loss at early ages due to FA inclusion. The proposed mixes contained 10% of EMs as water replacement, 50% of FA, and various percentages of WGBNPs as cement replacement. The effects of EMs and WGBNPs inclusion on the early strength and microstructure properties of the produced FA-based concrete mixes were determined. The results show that the strength indexes of the concrete at all test ages were improved due to WGBNP and EM incorporation. At almost all curing ages, the mechanical performance of the concrete made with 10% EMs and 4% WGBNPs was comparable to that of normal concrete (control mix), wherein the mix containing 6% WGBNPs outperformed the control mix. The microstructure analysis of the studied mixes revealed an increase in the hydration products, structural compactness, and homogeneity due to the synergy of WGBNPs and EMs, especially the specimen made using 10% EMs and 6% WGBNPs. It is established that the proper utilization of EMs and WGBNPs in FA-based concrete can be beneficial for waste recycling and landfill problems, thus lowering environment pollution.

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Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Microorganisms and Glass Nanopowders from Waste Bottle Inclusion on Early Strength and Microstructure Properties of High-Volume Fly-Ash-Based Concrete

et al. 2022

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“…Recently, SAPs have been used as internal curing agents in cementitious materials for mitigating autogenous shrinkage in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and HPC, as they have a low water-to-cement ratio [1][2][3]. SAP not only supplies water from the inside for the hydration reaction of cement in a low water-cement ratio, but also it provides water when there is not enough for the hydration reaction of cement due to its evaporation during concrete curing in an environment with low relative humidity [4]. The addition of SAP is reported to effectively improve the autogenous shrinkage, enhance freezing and thawing resistances, reduce drying shrinkage, increase self-healing, reduce the formation of micro-cracking, and enhance the durability of cementitious materials [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Absorption Superabsorbent Polymer for Strength Development in Concrete

et al. 2022

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Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are used as internal curing agents in cementitious materials, which reduce autogenous shrinkage in concrete as they have a low water-to-cement ratios and improve the freeze–thaw resistance. However, the compressive strength of concrete may also be reduced due to additional voids in the hydrated cement matrix. In this study, we fabricated a delayed absorption type of SAP (I-SAP) composed of cross-linked modified acrylate and studied its absorption characteristics and effect on compressive strength after 28 days. Furthermore, the effect of curing conditions on the strength of concrete and hydrated cement paste with SAP were investigated. The absorption capacity of I-SAP in the synthetic pore solution and deionised water was examined and compared with that of a conventional SAP, and the former was absorbed more by I-SAP. The results revealed that the compressive strength of concrete increased with the addition of I-SAP, particularly with the curing condition of 60% RH. Although the compressive strength of hydrated cement paste with I-SAP reduced in water or sealed curing conditions, no loss of strength in the paste cured at 60% RH was seen. The cement matrix densification due to hydration of belite around the SAP surface is the main mechanism for strength development in concrete cured at sealed and 60% RH. However, the voids formed by SAP control the compressive strength of hydrated paste.

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“…Construction industries worldwide have classified the solutions of EMs into three main types based on bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It was demonstrated that certain bacteria in the EM solution enable the precipitation of different elements or chemical compounds, which are useful for the production of eco-friendly and durable bio-concretes [ 8 , 9 ]. Diverse methods have been developed for the successful incorporation of EM solution into the fresh concrete mixes, such as the direct addition of microbial broth; the inclusion as spores, in the form of immobilized structures into the silica gels or activated carbon, in the form of micro- and nano-encapsulation, or using a chemical reaction-mediated vascular network with uniform/homogeneous distributions of the microorganisms [ 4 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Microorganism Solution and High Volume of Fly Ash Blended Sustainable Bio-Concrete

2022

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Currently, the production of sustainable concrete with high strength, durability, and fewer environmental problems has become a priority of concrete industries worldwide. Based on this fact, the effective microorganism (EM) solution was included in the concrete mixtures to modify the engineering properties. Concrete specimens prepared with 50% fly ash (FA) as an ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacement were considered as the control sample. The influence of EM solution inclusion (at various contents of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% weight) in the cement matrix as water replacement was examined to determine the optimum ratio that can enhance the early and late strength of the proposed bio-concrete. The compressive strength, porosity, carbonation depth, resistance to sulphuric acid attack, and the environmental benefits of the prepared bio-concrete were evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties and durability performance of the bio-concrete were improved due to the addition of EM and FA. Furthermore, the inclusion of 10% EM could increase the compressive strength of the bio-concrete at 3 (early) and 28 days by 42.5% and 14.6%, respectively. The durability performance revealed a similar trend wherein the addition of 50% FA and 10% EM into the bio-concrete could improve its resistance against acid attack by 35.1% compared to the control specimen. The concrete mix designed with 10% EM was discerned to be optimum, with approximately 49.3% lower carbon dioxide emission compared to traditional cement.

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A Review on the Use of Self-Curing Agents and Its Mechanism in High-Performance Cementitious Materials

Cited by 26 publications

References 175 publications

Effective Microorganisms and Glass Nanopowders from Waste Bottle Inclusion on Early Strength and Microstructure Properties of High-Volume Fly-Ash-Based Concrete

Effective Microorganisms and Glass Nanopowders from Waste Bottle Inclusion on Early Strength and Microstructure Properties of High-Volume Fly-Ash-Based Concrete

Delayed Absorption Superabsorbent Polymer for Strength Development in Concrete

Effective Microorganism Solution and High Volume of Fly Ash Blended Sustainable Bio-Concrete

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