A Review on the Use of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Aquaculture Feeds

Abstract

Distiller’s dried grains with soluble (DDGS) to replace fishmeal (FM) or other plant protein sources and its effects on an aquatic animal’s growth performance and health system is rarely discussed. In recent times FM use in aquafeed has been a problem for the aquaculture industry because of the depletion of fish resources in the ocean and the high cost of FM. For that reason, researchers are focusing on reducing the cost of aquafeed production by lowering the inclusion of FM in aquafeed. One of the low-cost alternative protein sources to replace FM is DDGS. The present review discusses the compilation of available literature review and other works on the use of DDGS to replace FM in aquafeed and how it improves the growth performance, immune health system, and disease resistance in an aquatic animal. It focuses on the production of DDGS, the nutritional composition of DDGS, the chemical and physical characteristics of DDGS, and the effects of the DDGS inclusion in aquafeed on the aquatic animal. Apart from improving the growth performance of the aquatic animal when included in aquafeed, it also helps improve the immune health system of the animal. It also helps boost the immune system of the aquatic animal to fight diseases and increase disease resistance when included in aquafeed. Furthermore, DDGS also contains some constituents like carotenoids that help improve the meat quality of the animal when included in aquafeed. The current review also discusses the management and use of technology to improve the aquaculture industry, educate farmers on reducing diseases during the culturing periods, and increase productivity and profit in a friendly environment.

Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles on the Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota in Juvenile Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Stein and Shurson (2009) observed that the fiber content in maize is not converted to ethanol, increasing the fiber content in DDGS that is approximately an insoluble fiber of 35% and a soluble fiber of 6% than in FM (Stein and Shurson 2009). The apparent total tract digestibility of fiber in FM is less than that of DDGS: 43.7% (Ray et al 2022). These nutrients help to confer increased energy in shrimp, which further improves growth performance when included in shrimp diets (Stein et al 2005).…”

“…Distillers’ dried grains with solubles are among the best underutilized by‐products from the alcohol industry and can used as a substitute for FM in a shrimp feed. Except for the fiber content, DDGS do not contain the anti‐nutritional factors that are found in most PP sources, such as SBM and peanut meal (Gyan et al 2021; Ray et al 2022). Bhadra et al (2007) stated that the chemical composition and qualities of DDGS could change depending on the ethanol plant used.…”

“…Maize is generally used in the production of DDGS globally. The proximate nutritional composition of DDGS, such as crude protein (CP), ash content, phosphorus, and fiber content, is twice as much in maize DDGS as in sorghum DDGS (Ray et al 2022). Distillers' dried grains with solubles are acquired from the derivatives of cereal fermentation and after distillation for alcohol production (Goda et al 2019).…”

Evaluation of High‐Protein Distillers Dried Grains with Yeast as a Protein Source in Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

“…These high‐protein distillers grains with yeast were manufactured to have decreased levels of fiber and higher protein content, allowing for the inclusion of these ingredients at higher levels in practical shrimp feeds without instigating negative effects on the digestive physiology of shrimp as the addition of more insoluble fiber in shrimp diets would decrease the digestibility of other dietary components, such as gross energy, dry matter, amino acids, and minerals (Ray et al. 2022). Moreover, methionine, lysine, and arginine are considered to be the most limiting essential amino acids in feed formulations for Pacific white shrimp (Akiyama et al.…”

Evaluation of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles in Aquafeeds – A Review

“…Production from fisheries and aquaculture has significantly increased globally over the past few decades (Ray et al, 2020(Ray et al, , 2022Gyan et al, 2021). By 2030, the world will require an additional 23 million tons of aquatic food to maintain current per capita fish consumption due to the predicted increase in the human population .…”