A review on the syntheses of Dronabinol and Epidiolex as classical cannabinoids with various biological activities including those against SARS-COV2

Abstract

The very important psychoactive phytocannabinoid from Cannabis Δ 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC) and its non-psychotropic member is cannabidiol (CBD). These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities. THC has been approved for the treatment of nausea caused by chemotherapy, multiple sclerosis and chronic and neuropathic pain and research is underway to use it to treat stimulation of dementia, anorexia nervous and Tourette's syndrome. CBD has therapeutic benefits in Epilepsy, neuroprotective, cancer, inflammatory and anxiety. Recognizing candidate drugs efficiently in the new SARS-CoV2 disease 2019 (Covid-19) is crucial. Cannabidiol and Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. They can reduce the uncontrolled cytokine production of acute lung injury. Although THD and CBD can be extracted from natural sources due to the disadvantages of this method such as difficulty in purification, cultivation, etc. It has been proven that chemical-synthesis methods of these two compounds can solve these problems. This review briefly summarizes the chemical-synthetic strategies of Dronabinol and Epidiolex from THC and CBD.

A Retrospective Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Regulated and Unregulated E-Cigarette Liquids

“…Concentrations ranged from below the limit of quantitation to 3.9 mg/ml. Olivetol is a naturally occurring organic compound that can be used as a precursor for synthesizing various cannabinoids (Tadayon and Ramazani, 2021). Commonly found in lichen, it also exists for a short time in cannabis plants before conversion to CBGA, the precursor to THCA and CBDA.…”

Antimicrobial and Antiviral (SARS-CoV-2) Potential of Cannabinoids and Cannabis sativa: A Comprehensive Review

“…Finding efficient antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost concern for pharmaceutical scientists in this challenging time of the pandemic [ 194 ]. Though the present evidence is not enough for use of cannabinoids as pharmacotherapy against SARS-CoV-2, nevertheless, computational, in vitro and in vivo studies show selective cannabinoids and some non-cannabinoids have considerable effects on SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, transcription, inhibition and significant anti-inflammatory effects that might have ameliorative effects in the host patients.…”

“…Since it has no harmful effects, the drug is under consideration for use in inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes [ 275 ]. However, purification of compounds from the crude extract is a challenge [ 194 ]. Nabiximols, an oral spray containing plant-derived purified THC, CBD and other minor cannabinoids and terpenes, is legal for medical use in more than 25 countries other than the USA for the treatment of painful spasticity and neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis.…”