A Review on the Recovery of Noble Metals from Anode Slimes

Xing, Wei; Sohn, Seong Ho; Lee, Man Seung

doi:10.1080/08827508.2019.1575211

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…After an electrorefining cycle, the slime is drained from the bottom of the cell and forwarded to the recovery of copper and byproducts. Several authors have evaluated methods to reduce anode slime formation or alternative techniques to recover copper and valuable metals from it, as shown in the review articles recently published [127,[133][134][135]. Table 10 presents the composition of anode slimes from Chilean companies.…”

Section: Anode Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These processes present several limitations, as shown in Refs. [127,[133][134][135]. According to Liu et al [133], the major difficulties in the treatment of anode slimes are low precious metal recovery rate, high consumption of chemicals, and large amounts of residues generated.…”

Section: Anode Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrometallurgical processes show additional challenges, such as the lack of solvents able to leach all the elements present in the slime, the toxicity of reagents, the need to treat the wastes before their final disposal in the environment, and the long times required. To overcome these limitations, metallurgical methods should be developed in the coming years involving, for example, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), supercritical technology, vacuum metallurgy technology, biological metallurgy, ion exchange technologies, electrochemical processes, and the use of new materials such as graphene and nanoparticles [133,135]. Liu et al [133] also emphasized the importance of the role of governments in strengthening policies of precious metals recovering from anode slimes since they are rich metal resources, as shown in Table 10, and have great economic value.…”

Section: Anode Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

et al. 2022

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The mining industry has faced significant challenges to maintaining copper production technically, economically, and environmentally viable. Some of the major limitations that must be overcome in the coming years are the copper ore grade decline due to its intense exploitation, the increasing requirements for environmental protection, and the need to expand and construct new tailings dams. Furthermore, the risk of a supply crisis of critical metals, such as antimony and bismuth, has prompted efforts to increase their extraction from secondary resources in copper production. Therefore, improving conventional processes and developing new technologies is crucial to satisfying the world’s metal demands, while respecting the policies of environmental organizations. Hence, it is essential that the chemical composition of each copper production stage is known for conducting these studies, which may be challenging due to the huge variability of concentration data concerning the ore extraction region, the process type, and the operational conditions. This paper presents a review of chemical composition data of the main stages of copper production from sulfide minerals, such as (1) copper minerals, (2) flotation tailings, (3) flotation concentrates, (4) slags and (5) flue dust from the smelting/converting stage, (6) copper anodes, (7) anode slimes, (8) contaminated electrolytes from the electrorefining stage, (9) electrolytes cleaned by ion-exchange resins, and (10) elution solutions from the resins. In addition, the main contributions of recent works on copper production are summarized herein. This study is focused on production sites from Chile since it is responsible for almost one-third of the world’s copper production.

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Section: Anode Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anode Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anode Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

et al. 2022

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“…It is recognized in the copper industry that in copper electrowinning anode slimes, there is a high concentration of Ag, Au, and Pd [21,59]. Therefore, three steps are performed: silver extraction, gold extraction, and palladium refining.…”

Section: Conceptual Process Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Analysis of a Conceptual Industrial Route for Printed Circuit Boards Processing Based on Mass and Energy Balances

d’Almeida

Carvalho

Santos

et al. 2022

World

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With a generation of more than 2 million metric tons per year, Brazil is the largest producer of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Latin America. However, Brazil does not have its own way for treating printed circuit boards, a key component present in this type of waste. In this context, the processing of these components would allow the extraction of metals with high added value, mainly copper, silver, gold, and palladium. The purpose of this research is to design a conceptual treatment route, based on the integration of technologies described in the literature. After creating the route design, a mass and energy balances were performed, considering two printed circuit board source as raw material: (Case A) Wasted equipment in general; (Case B) Using only cell phones. For both cases, the treatment of 2 t·h−1 was considered. In addition, cost estimates and plant sensitivity analysis were carried out. For 15 years of plant production, the calculated Capex was USD 2,002,682, where an internal return rate of 140.1% and 3933.0% was obtained for Case A and B, respectively, and a net present value of USD 44,403,373 and USD 3,210,393,496 for Case A and B, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that Case A has a great sensitivity to the variation of the processing volume. Based on the present findings, this theoretical research has the potential to be a nucleation point in the design of a future industrial plant dedicated to the recycling of printed circuit boards, as well as to understand the key variables for the processing these components, based on Brazilian circumstances. Additionally, the project presents the hypothetical investment required for the creation of such conceptual plant, which is a crucial piece of information for potential investors.

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“…These residues contain considerable amounts of valuable metals, such as zinc, cadmium, copper, and nickel [4,6]. Several studies have investigated the recovery of cadmium and copper from Cadmium Sponge [8,9,[16][17][18] and the recovery of noble metals from Anode Mud [11,19,20]. However, the global demand of Zn and the lack of development of recovery technologies on an industrial scale, due to technical problems or because they may give rise to secondary pollution, make it necessary for ZPR to be previously treated and disposed of in sanitary landfills [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management Strategy for Solidification/Stabilization of Zinc Plant Residues (ZPR) by Fly Ash/Clay-Based Geopolymers

et al. 2022

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Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of acid waste using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is widely implemented, but, due to the impact on climate change, alternative methods are being investigated. In this work, first, the feasibility of using coal fly-ash/clay-based geopolymers for the S/S of Zn plant residues (ZPR), Cadmium Sponge (CS), and Anode Mud (AM) is proposed as a treatment prior to disposal in landfills. Different variables, such as the type of processing, molding (as-received waste), and pressing (dried waste), and activators, a commercial and an alternative residual sodium carbonate, have been studied. The technical and environmental assessments of the S/S process by means of compressive strength and the leaching of critical pollutants have been monitored. Immobilization efficiencies of Cd and Zn higher than 99% have been obtained by dosing 50% of the acid waste, 6 M NaOH solution (20 min contact time), cured at 75 °C (48 h) and at room temperature (28 days), achieving in the leachates pH values of 7 to 10 and [Cd] and [Zn] < 1 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. However, alkaline activation increases As leaching, mainly associated with the clay. Secondly, removing clay from the geopolymer formulation, the optimization of geopolymer parameters, acid waste/geopolymer ratio, liquid/solid ratio, and NaOH molar concentration enables obtaining a significant reduction in the release of As and Cd, and Zn is kept at acceptable values that meet the non-hazardous waste landfill disposal limits for the S/S of both acid wastes.

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A Review on the Recovery of Noble Metals from Anode Slimes

Cited by 29 publications

References 139 publications

Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

Economic Analysis of a Conceptual Industrial Route for Printed Circuit Boards Processing Based on Mass and Energy Balances

Sustainable Management Strategy for Solidification/Stabilization of Zinc Plant Residues (ZPR) by Fly Ash/Clay-Based Geopolymers

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