A Review on the Probiotic Effects on Haematological Parameters in Fish

Abstract

Haematological indices are essential diagnostic tools used to evaluate the health status of fish. Many publications have been stated by different works that qualitative and quantitative variations in haematological parameters; for instance White Blood Cells (WBCs), Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Haematocrit (Hct), Haemoglobin (Hb) content, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) in fish, offer an indication of the health status of the fish. The uses of probiotics as biological control agents in aquaculture have replaced the usage of chemotherapeutics, is an approach in the build-up in aquaculture environments. In the cultured fish, the use of probiotics in monospecies or multispecies forms has been reported to stimulate specific and non-specific immune parameters including lysozyme activities and phagocytic, expression of various cytokines as well as improvement of blood profiles of many fish increasing resistance diseases and to other environmental perturbations such as physiological stressors. Interestingly, many researchers have shown that haematological indices in fish continue to offer a valuable diagnostic tool; and progress is made in establishing a reasonable range of values for blood parameters of different fish species. Also, many interventions have shown that probiotics used in aquaculture have potential in improving blood profiles of fish; although there are not many summarised information regarding the effects of probiotics on haematological parameters in fish. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the influences of probiotics on haematological parameters in fisha.

Probiotic effects of the fungi, Aspergillus niger on growth, immunity, haematology, intestine fungal load and digestive enzymes of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio

“…Therefore, elevation of haemoglobin in blood could improve the fish health and welfare. The enhancing effects of probiotics on haematological components have been widely reported in fish (Adorian et al, 2019; Firouzbakhsh et al, 2011; Jahan et al, 2021; Michael et al, 2019; Tabassum et al, 2021). These effects are also recognized for fungal probiotics (Kim et al, 2009; Iwashita et al, 2015; Dawood, Eweedah, Moustafa, & Shahin, 2020).…”

Multi-species probiotics improve growth, intestinal microbiota and morphology of Indian major carp mrigal Cirrhinus cirrhosus

“…Hematological parameters are considered as an effective index for observing the health status of fish by tracking the changes in fish physiology and pathology and their response to environmental oppression ( Michael et al, 2019 , Shahjahan et al, 2019 , Sharmin et al, 2016 ). Probiotics have a cabalistic effect on water quality, modification of intestinal microbiota, and enhanced nutrients absorption and metabolism through upgrading the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract ( Cerezuela et al, 2012 , Devaraja et al, 2013 , Han et al, 2015 , Zhao et al, 2012 ).…”

“…Positive effects of probiotics were observed on the modulation of gastrointestinal microbiota, immune system and disease defense in several cyprinids such as catla Catla catla ( Bandyopadhyay and Das Mohapatra, 2009 , Das et al, 2013 ), rohu Labeo rohita ( Giri et al, 2012 ), common carp Cyprinus carpio ( Chi et al, 2014 ) and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella ( Wang, 2011 , Wu et al, 2015 ). It has been reported that probiotics having the ability to modulate hematological parameters and morphological structure of the intestine, which can be considered an important diagnostic method for monitoring the health condition of cultured fish ( He et al, 2011 , Michael et al, 2019 , Pradhan et al, 2012 ).…”

Haematological parameters of Cyprinus carpio with reference to probiotic feed: A machine learning approach

“…In fisheries study, only a few reports are available related to the machine learning approach. In general, recognition of pattern data (Mendoza et al, 2011), population (Trifonova 2016), morphological pattern (Cui et al, 2020Güney and Atasoy 2015) and environmental (Michael et al, 2019) studies were reported in fishery science.…”