A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View

Zangbar, Hamid Soltani; Gorji, Ali; Ghadiri, Tahereh

doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02149-0

Cited by 43 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…On October 7, 2020 searching on PubMed "COVID-19 OR COVID-2019 OR severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 OR severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 OR 2019-nCoV OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019nCoV OR (Wuhan AND coronavirus) AND brain" we found 1,293 papers and most of them showed that SARS-CoV-2 invades the CNS, developing neurological impairments such as stroke, epilepsy, anosmia and hypogeusia, seizures, and encephalitis (1,66,(233)(234)(235)(236). Specifically, a retrospective analysis by Mao et al (237) underlined that about 40% of SARS-CoV-2 patients developed headache, disturbed consciousness, and other brain dysfunction symptoms (1), and an autopsy study reported the presence of edema in brain tissue of SARS-CoV-2 patients (66).…”

Section: Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the potential target organ of this infection and to outline disease progression and clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped the physiological body distribution, expression, and activities of ACE2 and discussed its potential correlations and mutal interactions with the disparate symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 patients at the level of different organs. We highlighted that despite during SARS-CoV-2 infection ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading to severe pathological manifestations, and subsequent multiple organ failures, the exact mechanism and the potential interactions through which ACE2 acts in these organs is still heavily debated. Further scientific efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed to consider specific patient differences in the mutual interactions ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term health effects associated with COVID-19 are currently mandatory.

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Section: Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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“…Reported manifestations include loss of taste and smell, headache, dizziness, Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizures, stroke and encephalitis . 3 The relatively high frequency of neurological sequelae together with the wide spectrum of symptoms raised significant concern. Some authors suggested this may be related to compromised brainlung-brain axis that facilitates induction of brain injury as a result of concurrent lung injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Manifestations in Egyptian Covid-19 Patients

Essmat

2021

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

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Background: The current Covid-19 pandemic massively overwhelmed the health scene in almost all world countries including Egypt. Neurological manifestations are commonly reported among Covid-19 patients. Aim of work: to describe the neurological manifestations in a group of Egyptian patients diagnosed with Covid-19. Patients and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals. Patients included in the study comprised 50 patients with variable new-onset neurological manifestations in addition to other 50 patients without neurological manifestations recruited from other departments. All participants were subjected to careful history taking, thorough clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations. Patients with neurological manifestations were in addition submitted to computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as appropriate. The primary outcome of the present study is patients' in-hospital mortality. Results: Comparison between both groups shows that patients with neurological affection are significantly older (54.7 ± 12.8 versus 44.2 ± 18.8 years, p=0.002) with significantly higher BMI (32.4 ± 7.8 versus 26.3 ± 6.5 kg/m^2, p<0.001). The reported neurological manifestations included headache (78.0 %) taste and smell impairment (74.0 %), myalgia (62.0 %) and dizziness (58.0 %). It was also shown that 30 patients (60.0 %) died among patients with neurological affection while in patients without neurological affection only 13 patients (26.0 %) died (p=0.001). Neurological manifestations are independent predictor of mortality [OR (95% CI): 0.35 (0.14-0.88), p=0.025]. Conclusion: Neurological manifestations are common in Covid-19 patients. There is a significant association between the presence of neurological manifestations and mortality.

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“…Recently, several research groups have focused on the explanation of neurological manifestations of COVID-19 via its neuroinvasive potential (Farhadian et al 2020 ; Li et al 2020 ; Moriguchi et al 2020 ; Sepehrinezhad et al 2020 ). An increasing amount of evidence suggests the neuro-invading potential of SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to clinical symptoms and brain damage (Najjar et al 2020 ; Wood 2020 ; Zangbar et al, 2021 ). The hypothesis of the SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the CNS has been supported by studies on the coronaviruses that caused previous outbreaks (Sepehrinezhad et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of SARS-coronavirus-2 in the central nervous system of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and seizures

et al. 2021

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This study was designed to evaluate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can directly target the central nervous system (CNS). We present four patients suffering from the loss of consciousness and seizure during the clinical course of COVID-19 infection. In addition to positive nasopharyngeal swab tests, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in their cerebrospinal fluid. This report indicates the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the ability of this virus to spread from the respiratory tract to the CNS. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13365-020-00938-w.

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A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View

Cited by 43 publications

References 120 publications

Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

Neurological Manifestations in Egyptian Covid-19 Patients

Detection of SARS-coronavirus-2 in the central nervous system of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and seizures

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