A review on the empirical characterization of the low voltage distribution grid as a communication channel for power line communications

Integration of LiFi, BPL, and Fiber Optic Technologies in Smart Grid Backbone Networks: A Proposal for Exploiting the LiFi LED Street Lighting Networks of Power Utilities and Smart Cities

“…LiFi is a wireless VLC technology that exploits visible light, ultraviolet and infrared spectra for high-speed data communications. LiFi technology is a paradigm-shifting 5G technology that extends the VLC concept so that high speed, secure, bi-directional and fully networked wireless communications may be achieved while it has already been integrated with other broadband communications technologies existing in the smart grid, such as WiFi and BPL [7,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In fact, LiFi can be treated either as a complementary technology to WiFi or as a force multiplier since LiFi internet speeds could be significantly higher than the conventional WiFi ones [22].…”