A review on the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum, Mentha spicata, and Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in repelling mosquito

Abstract

@@@In recent times, repellents and synthetic drugs have been identified as having negative toxicity effects on humans and the environment. Apart from the unfavourable effects on man and livestock caused by these chemicals-based (synthetic) repellents, they are also expensive, non-biodegradable, and no more effective because mosquitoes are getting adapted. With these drawbacks, an eco-friendly plant-based insecticide as a substitute is needed urgently. This paper reviews the extraction and use of essential oil from the leaves of Mentha spicata, Ocimum gratissimum, and Moringa oleifera as mosquito repellent. Carvone, Eugenol, and 9-Octadecenoic acid were discovered to be the most active components in the M. spicata, O. gratissimum, and M. oleifera extracts, respectively, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Highlights In recent times, repellents and synthetic drugs have been identified as having negative toxicity effects on humans and the environment. Apart from the unfavorable effects on man and livestock caused by these chemical-based (synthetic) repellents, they are also expensive, non-biodegradable, and no more effective because mosquitoes are getting adapted. An eco-friendly plant-based insecticide as a substitute is needed urgently. Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes are still a significant reason for the global mortality rate, with over 700 million individuals experiencing such diseases every year. With the proper formulation of other repellent forms using their oils, they can replace non-degradable synthetic mosquito repellents since they are eco-friendly. In general, the mosquitocidal activity and percentage protection of plant extract increase with increasing concentration of the extracts in different formulations. This paper is our original work. We certify that this manuscript has not been published in part or whole elsewhere in any language, and it has not been submitted to any other journal for reviews.

Larvicidal Efficacy of Aqueous Extracts of Leaf of Ocimum gratissimum and Bark of Terminalia catappa against Aedes sp

“…The larvicidal efficacy of O. gratissimum and T. catappa have been well reported (Unachukwu et al, 2016;Opoggen et al, 2019;Otabor et al, 2019;Redo et al, 2019;Okerie et al, 2020;Ojewumi et al, 2021).…”

“…(Opoggen et al, 2019;Otabor et al, 2019). Also in other regions, studies on O. gratissimum have mostly centred on their repellent potential on adult mosquitoes (Okerie et al, 2020;Ojewumi et al, 2021). This present study was conducted to investigate the larvicidal efficacy of aqueous extracts of the leaf of O. gratissimum and the bark of T. catappa against Aedes sp.…”