A Review on the Design of Hydrogels With Different Stiffness and Their Effects on Tissue Repair

Luo, T. David; Tan, Bowen; Zhu, Lengjing; Wang, Yating; Liao, Jinfeng

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.817391

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…The bone is the hardest human tissue (15-40 GPa) [157,158], whereas for the demineralized bone matrix the stiffness decreases (~0.67 MPa [157,159]); the aggregation of endothelial cells in blood vessel is superior in stiff matrices (37.7 kPa) compared to soft matrices (13 kPa) [160]. The strategies adopted for regulation of the substrate stiffness were recently discussed [161]: controlled crosslinking density, molecular weight, and concentration of different constituents in multicomponent hydrogels; tunable intermolecular interactions, incorporation of NPs, design of the appropriate architecture using an adequate approach. Hydrogels with tunable stiffness were fabricated from different materials and the effect of their stiffness on tissue repair was analyzed [157,161].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strategies adopted for regulation of the substrate stiffness were recently discussed [161]: controlled crosslinking density, molecular weight, and concentration of different constituents in multicomponent hydrogels; tunable intermolecular interactions, incorporation of NPs, design of the appropriate architecture using an adequate approach. Hydrogels with tunable stiffness were fabricated from different materials and the effect of their stiffness on tissue repair was analyzed [157,161].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

Bercea¹

2022

Polymers

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Hydrogels, as interconnected networks (polymer mesh; physically, chemically, or dynamic crosslinked networks) incorporating a high amount of water, present structural characteristics similar to soft natural tissue. They enable the diffusion of different molecules (ions, drugs, and grow factors) and have the ability to take over the action of external factors. Their nature provides a wide variety of raw materials and inspiration for functional soft matter obtained by complex mechanisms and hierarchical self-assembly. Over the last decade, many studies focused on developing innovative and high-performance materials, with new or improved functions, by mimicking biological structures at different length scales. Hydrogels with natural or synthetic origin can be engineered as bulk materials, micro- or nanoparticles, patches, membranes, supramolecular pathways, bio-inks, etc. The specific features of hydrogels make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds (repair/regeneration), wound healing, drug delivery carriers, bio-inks, soft robotics, sensors, actuators, catalysis, food safety, and hygiene products. This review is focused on recent advances in the field of bioinspired hydrogels that can serve as platforms for life-science applications. A brief outlook on the actual trends and future directions is also presented.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

Bercea¹

2022

Polymers

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“…MSC isolated from a variety of tissues have been isolated and then often incorporated into synthetic scaffolds, scaffolds with other ECM-like matrix components, an endogenous natural protein matrix or a hybrid synthetic/natural matrix, reviewed in [ 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ]. Recent advances in bioprinting may offer more sophisticated and complex scaffold-cell constructs [ 160 , 161 , 162 ]. Such constructs are then implanted into defects in tissues or in an injury site.…”

Section: Use Of Msc In Tissue Engineered Constructs To Enhance Repair...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating an Optimal In Vivo Environment to Enhance Outcomes Using Cell Therapy to Repair/Regenerate Injured Tissues of the Musculoskeletal System

Hart

Nakamura

2022

Biomedicines

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Following most injuries to a musculoskeletal tissue which function in unique mechanical environments, an inflammatory response occurs to facilitate endogenous repair. This is a process that usually yields functionally inferior scar tissue. In the case of such injuries occurring in adults, the injury environment no longer expresses the anabolic processes that contributed to growth and maturation. An injury can also contribute to the development of a degenerative process, such as osteoarthritis. Over the past several years, researchers have attempted to use cellular therapies to enhance the repair and regeneration of injured tissues, including Platelet-rich Plasma and mesenchymal stem/medicinal signaling cells (MSC) from a variety of tissue sources, either as free MSC or incorporated into tissue engineered constructs, to facilitate regeneration of such damaged tissues. The use of free MSC can sometimes affect pain symptoms associated with conditions such as OA, but regeneration of damaged tissues has been challenging, particularly as some of these tissues have very complex structures. Therefore, implanting MSC or engineered constructs into an inflammatory environment in an adult may compromise the potential of the cells to facilitate regeneration, and neutralizing the inflammatory environment and enhancing the anabolic environment may be required for MSC-based interventions to fulfill their potential. Thus, success may depend on first eliminating negative influences (e.g., inflammation) in an environment, and secondly, implanting optimally cultured MSC or tissue engineered constructs into an anabolic environment to achieve the best outcomes. Furthermore, such interventions should be considered early rather than later on in a disease process, at a time when sufficient endogenous cells remain to serve as a template for repair and regeneration. This review discusses how the interface between inflammation and cell-based regeneration of damaged tissues may be at odds, and outlines approaches to improve outcomes. In addition, other variables that could contribute to the success of cell therapies are discussed. Thus, there may be a need to adopt a Precision Medicine approach to optimize tissue repair and regeneration following injury to these important tissues.

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“…Comparing the shape of neurons cultured on compliant and rigid substrates, they exhibited more branched and elongated sprouts on the compliant substrate. Analogously, by modulating the stiffness of alginate hydrogels, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts in case of high stiffness, while on hydrogels with low matrix stiffness, stem cells tend to differentiate into chondrocytes or adipocytes [144,146] . As well as studies on the effect of the hydrogel stiffness on cell differentiation, the study of hydrogels with different stiffness in tissue repair has become a research hotspot.…”

Section: Mechanical Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication Strategies Towards Hydrogels for Biomedical Application: Chemical and Mechanical Insights

Acciaretti

Vesentini

Cipolla

2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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This review aims at giving selected chemical and mechanical insights on design criteria that should be taken into account in hydrogel production for biomedical applications. Particular emphasis will be given to the chemical aspects involved in hydrogel design: macromer chemical composition, cross-linking strategies and chemistry towards "conventional" and smart/stimuli responsive hydrogels. Mechanical properties of hydrogels in view of regenerative medicine applications will also be considered.

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A Review on the Design of Hydrogels With Different Stiffness and Their Effects on Tissue Repair

Cited by 57 publications

References 180 publications

Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

Creating an Optimal In Vivo Environment to Enhance Outcomes Using Cell Therapy to Repair/Regenerate Injured Tissues of the Musculoskeletal System

Fabrication Strategies Towards Hydrogels for Biomedical Application: Chemical and Mechanical Insights

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