A review on Shock tubes with multitudinous applications

Balan, G. Sakthi; Raj, S. Aravind

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2022.104406

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Built-in scaled models in shock tubes are important research tools that have rapidly advanced in the fields of near-space hypersonic aircraft target characteristics, communication interruptions, and plasma flow control. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It is crucial to obtain the electron density and collision frequency distribution of plasma in such work. Over the past decade, the propagation of low-frequency (LF) electromagnetic waves in plasma surrounding a model has attracted much attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

Wu 吴,

Xie 谢,

Liu 刘

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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A non-contact low-frequency (LF) method for diagnosing the plasma surrounding a scaled model in a shock tube is proposed. This method utilizes the phase shift occurring after the transmission of an LF alternating magnetic field through the plasma to directly measure of the ratio between the plasma loop average electron density and collision frequency. An equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the relationship between the phase shift of the magnetic field component of LF electromagnetic waves and the plasma electron density and collision frequency. The applicable range of the LF method at a given plasma scale is analyzed. The upper diagnostic limit for the ratio of the electron density (units: m-3) to collision frequency (units: Hz) exceeds 1 × 1011, enabling an electron density exceeding 1 × 1020 m-3 and a collision frequency less than 1 GHz. The paper also assesses the feasibility of using the LF phase shift for plasma diagnosis. Diagnosis experiments were conducted on shock tube equipment using both the electrostatic probe method and LF method. By comparing the diagnostic results of the two methods, the inversion results were relatively consistent, thereby providing preliminary evidence for the feasibility of the LF method. The ratio of the electron density to the collision frequency has a relatively uniform distribution during the plasma stabilization time. The LF diagnostic path is a loop around the model, which is suitable for diagnosing the plasma that surrounds the model. Finally, the causes of diagnostic differences between the two methods are analyzed. The proposed method provides a new avenue for diagnosing high-density enveloping plasma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

Wu 吴,

Xie 谢,

Liu 刘

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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“…Shock waves are generated through the rupture of the diaphragm. With a history spanning over a century, shock tubes have seen continuous refinement in their working principles, control techniques, and parameter design methods in the last three decades [1]. The fundamental purpose of shock tubes is to simulate shock waves in a free-field explosive environment and apply the resulting shock load to objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the blockage effect in a shock tube

Shao

2024

TNS

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The shock tube is a crucial experimental apparatus in the field of explosive impact. Limited research has been conducted on the visualization of the internal flow field in shock tubes under blockage conditions, and there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind blockage effects. This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations into the propagation of shock waves inside a shock tube and their interaction with obstructive elements. Blockage effect experiments were conducted on a shock tube test platform, where pressure data were obtained through a pressure monitoring system. Additionally, schlieren imaging technology was employed to visualize the evolution of shock wave fronts. A two-dimensional numerical model of the shock tube was established using Fluent software, and the computed results exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the numerical model. The mechanism of the blockage effect was revealed through analysis of pressure-time curves and images depicting the evolution of shock wave fronts. Furthermore, adjustments to parameters on the validated numerical model allowed for analysis and comparison of different blockage ratios. The results indicate that the disturbance to the flow field caused by the blockage effect is primarily due to the reflection of shock waves between the front surface of the obstructive element and the shock tube wall. This reflection leads to differences in pressure curves compared to free-field conditions, and such differences increase with higher blockage ratios.

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“…The utilization of shock tubes comprising driven and driver tube sections inclusive of a diaphragm that generates straightforward shock waves to impersonate unfeigned explosions cautiously via the application of high temperature and pressure shock wave loadings of Mach number (it is a dimensionless unit comprehended as the object velocity divided by the speed of sound in the given media) of the order of 6–7 is one of the contemporary approaches being employed for exfoliating layered materials because of its inherent advantages like being a time-efficient technology that uses seconds with numerous bursts of shock waves and the ability to engender different chemical reactions and phase transitions in materials. , In recent years, it has been used for numerous chemical and biological applications, including the synthesis of novel materials, , structural alteration, , and material strength under high temperatures and pressure. , A shock tube is made up of an input reservoir, a driver, a driven portion that contains an inert gas, a driven diaphragm, and a sensor portion attached at the other end. The diaphragm is used to separate both the low- and high-pressure regions where the driver section contains high-pressure gas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Wave-Assisted Exfoliation of 2D-Material-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: A Breakthrough in Nanotechnology

Mayilswamy

Krishnan

Mundhada

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Idealized exfoliated polymer nanocomposites occur as a consequence of extensive interpenetration of polymers within the galleries of the layered structure, due to the substantial enhancement in d-spacing amidst the layers, curtailed by van der Waals forces acting within the structures. The present review provides an insight into the fabrication of exfoliated polymer nanocomposites via the delamination of layered 2D materials, through the application of high-temperature and pressure shock waves of Mach number of the order of 6−7, engendered within shock tubes to impersonate the unfeigned detonations cautiously, accompanied by the integration of these delaminated materials within polymeric matrices through various techniques. It also highlights the conventionally employed techniques for the exfoliation of layered materials along with an emphasis on the cutting-edge shock wave exfoliation of 2D materials delineating the advantages of the latter over the former methodologies along with the applications of exfoliated polymer nanocomposites across different sectors.

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A review on Shock tubes with multitudinous applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 163 publications

Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

Research on the blockage effect in a shock tube

Shock Wave-Assisted Exfoliation of 2D-Material-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: A Breakthrough in Nanotechnology

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