A review on recent advances of egg byproducts: Preparation, functional properties, biological activities and food applications

Xiao, Nanhai; Huang, Xi; Wen, He; Yao, Yao; Wu, Na; Xu, Mingsheng; Du, Hongwu; Zhao, Yan; Tu, Yonggang

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110563

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…It is an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent linkage between collagen and elastin, and plays a critical role in the formation of ESM fiber as a major protein component of ESM [ 23 , 41 ]. Other parent proteins are also reported to have specific biological activity, such as lysozyme C, which is known to possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities [ 12 ]. In addition, to understand the potential bioactivity of the identified peptides, 10 major peptide sequences (854–1385 Da) in HEMH were evaluated for bioactivity using PeptideRanker ( Table S1 ), a server for the prediction of bioactive peptides based on a novel N-to-1 neural network and scores greater than 0.5 were considered bioactive [ 15 , 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, the amount of eggshell and eggshell membrane (ESM), by-products generated annually by the poultry and egg-processing industry, is estimated at >7 million tons each year and this waste material is ranked 15th in the list of major food industry pollution problems [ 11 , 12 ]. Since ESM waste is a natural biomaterial with high protein content (~90%) [ 13 ], producing bioactive protein hydrolysates and peptides from ESM will not only create added value but also significantly improve the environmental sustainability of the poultry and egg industry [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hatched Eggshell Membrane Can Be a Novel Source of Antioxidant Hydrolysates to Protect against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes

Zhu

Ahn

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Natural antioxidants derived from agricultural by-products have great promise and ecological advantages in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. The eggshell membrane (ESM) from hatched eggs, i.e., the hatched ESM, is a globally abundant agricultural byproduct, and its high-value utilization has been rarely studied compared to the well-studied ESM from fresh eggs. In this research, we systematically characterized the hatched ESM as a novel source of antioxidant hydrolysates and explored their potential role in H2O2-induced human chondrocytes. The results showed that the hatched ESM is a protein-rich fibrous mesh material with a significantly different structure and composition from those of fresh ESM. Enzymatic hydrolysis of hatched ESM can produce antioxidant hydrolysates rich in low molecular weight (MW) peptides, which mainly derived from the Lysyl oxidase homolog by Nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. The peptide fraction with MW < 3 kDa (HEMH-I) exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging, Fe2+-chelating, and Fe3+-reducing abilities. In H2O2-induced human SW1353 chondrocytes, HEMH-I treatment significantly increased the cell viability and ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cartilage matrix degradation by reducing the level of ROS, matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), MMP13, and IL-6, and by promoting the expression of SOD and type II collagen, potentially through activating the cellular Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the value-added application of hatched ESM waste to produce antioxidant hydrolysates and indicates their potential as functional food and pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hatched Eggshell Membrane Can Be a Novel Source of Antioxidant Hydrolysates to Protect against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes

Zhu

Ahn

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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“…Recent literature reviews on the features and characteristics of ESM have underlined its importance for different technological and industrial applications [ 1 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. However, a compilation of its biological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties that highlight the ESM’s value as a candidate for bone regeneration material has not yet been performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eggshell Membrane as a Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration

et al. 2023

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The physicochemical features of the avian eggshell membrane play an essential role in the process of calcium carbonate deposition during shell mineralization, giving rise to a porous mineralized tissue with remarkable mechanical properties and biological functions. The membrane could be useful by itself or as a bi-dimensional scaffold to build future bone-regenerative materials. This review focuses on the biological, physical, and mechanical properties of the eggshell membrane that could be useful for that purpose. Due to its low cost and wide availability as a waste byproduct of the egg processing industry, repurposing the eggshell membrane for bone bio-material manufacturing fulfills the principles of a circular economy. In addition, eggshell membrane particles have has the potential to be used as bio-ink for 3D printing of tailored implantable scaffolds. Herein, a literature review was conducted to ascertain the degree to which the properties of the eggshell membrane satisfy the requirements for the development of bone scaffolds. In principle, it is biocompatible and non-cytotoxic, and induces proliferation and differentiation of different cell types. Moreover, when implanted in animal models, it elicits a mild inflammatory response and displays characteristics of stability and biodegradability. Furthermore, the eggshell membrane possesses a mechanical viscoelastic behavior comparable to other collagen-based systems. Overall, the biological, physical, and mechanical features of the eggshell membrane, which can be further tuned and improved, make this natural polymer suitable as a basic component for developing new bone graft materials.

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“…Lately, there has been an increasing interest in ESM hydrolysate (ESMH) obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis [9,10,18], especially in the field of biomaterial application studies [19][20][21]. This is seen to be the solubilised ESM hydrolysate that can be reformed into bioactive materials according to desired shapes and sizes [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is seen to be the solubilised ESM hydrolysate that can be reformed into bioactive materials according to desired shapes and sizes [15]. In addition to this, ESMH has a larger global market share with better biological activities than the ESM [9,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on the Structural and Protein Solubility of Eggshell Membrane

et al. 2022

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Eggshell membrane (ESM) is considered food waste or a by-product of the egg processing industry. It has huge application potential in the engineering, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical sectors. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in ESM hydrolysate (ESMH) from enzymatic hydrolysis in biomaterial applications. Nonetheless, there is lacking of information on the characteristics of ESMH. Thus, this study aims to characterise ESMH attained from enzymatic hydrolysis. The ESM was manually separated from the eggshell, and then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using two (2) different enzymes (alcalase (Al) and trypsin (Tr)). The alcalase-treated ESMH (Al-ESMH) and trypsin-treated ESMH (Tr-ESMH) were then characterised by using Ultra-violet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). UV spectra displayed two intense absorbance peaks; 238 nm and 280 nm. The second peak at 280 nm was used to quantify the soluble protein in ESMHs. The results showed that the Al-ESMH had higher protein solubility (17.25±0.11 mg/mL) than the Tr-ESMH (3.28±0.11 mg/mL) and ESM (2.11±0.19 mg/mL). The FTIR spectra of ESMHs prove the presence of peptides for both treated ESM samples after enzymatic hydrolysis.

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A review on recent advances of egg byproducts: Preparation, functional properties, biological activities and food applications

Cited by 27 publications

References 101 publications

Hatched Eggshell Membrane Can Be a Novel Source of Antioxidant Hydrolysates to Protect against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes

Hatched Eggshell Membrane Can Be a Novel Source of Antioxidant Hydrolysates to Protect against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes

Eggshell Membrane as a Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration

Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on the Structural and Protein Solubility of Eggshell Membrane

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