A review on production of lignin-based ﬂocculants: Sustainable feedstock and low carbon footprint applications

Wang, Bin; Wang, Shuangfei; Lam, Su Shiung; Sonne, Christian; Yuan, Tong‐Qi; Song, Guoyong; Sun, Run‐Cang

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110384

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The concentration of emitted elements when burning PB decreases in the following order: Si > Al > Ca > Ti > S > K = Fe > P, and for trace elements: Mn > Cl > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni = Cr = As. The high sulphur emissions from burning PB are due to the presence of organically bound sulfur, which is part of lignin sulfonate, a byproduct of the sulfite pulping process [74] used to glue cartons [75]. The thermal stability of sulfonic groups is rather weak, as indicated by the low-temperature evolution of SO 2 .…”

Section: Pb Wm CD Bec2 > Bec3 Bec3 > Bec2 Bec2 > Bec3 Bec3 > Bec2 Bec2 > Bec3 Bec3 > Bec2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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The use of waste from the regional production of waste wood, waste paper, and cardboard in the form of briquettes may be causing an increase in local emissions, both of major elements and trace elements. When burning paper and cardboard briquettes, more than 70% of Mn, Zn, As, and Pb is released into the air from the total content of trace elements in the fuel. The largest amounts of major and trace elements are released when burning paper briquettes (56 g/kg of fuel); half of these amounts are released from burning briquettes from waste wood and coal (23 g/kg of fuel). The pursuit of alternative uses for those cardboard components that are not suitable for recycling cannot be directed to the production of briquettes for residential combustion in the framework of the application of the principles of the circular economy. In particular, the high concentrations of undesirable elements in the emissions released in the gas phase into the atmosphere are an obstacle existing even when the parameters of the PM10 emissions of a boiler are met. This is related to the high ash content of the cardboard (13.5%). Waste paper or cardboard could be added to waste wood at a maximum of 10% to make the pollution produced comparable to the burning of coal briquettes.

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Section: Pb Wm CD Bec2 > Bec3 Bec3 > Bec2 Bec2 > Bec3 Bec3 > Bec2 Bec2 > Bec3 Bec3 > Bec2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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“…Wastewater recycling is an effective way to solve the water crisis [ 2 ]. Flocculation and adsorption are indispensable steps to purify wastewater, and the development of efficient, green and sustainable flocculants and adsorbents is crucial [ 3 ]. Considering the increasingly serious environmental problems and the depletion of petrochemical resources, it is urgent to develop natural polymer-based materials featuring high efficiency, low cost, raw material regeneration, and no secondary pollution for wastewater recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customized Utilization Strategies of Industrial Lignin to Produce Adsorbents and Flocculants Based on Fractionation and Adequate Structural Interpretation

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Lignin, a by-product of pulping and biorefinery, has great potential to replace petrochemical resources for wastewater purification. However, the defects of lignin, such as severe heterogeneity, inferior reactivity and poor solubility, characterize the production process of lignin-based products by high energy consumption and serious pollution. In this study, several lignin fractions with relatively homogeneous structure were first obtained by organic solvent fractionation, and their structures were fully deciphered by various characterization techniques. Subsequently, each lignin component was custom-valued for wastewater purification based on their structural characteristics. Benefiting from the high reactivity and reaction accessibility, the lignin fraction (lignin-1) refined by dissolving in ethanol and n-butanol could been used as a raw material to produce cationic lignin-based flocculant (LBF) in a copolymerization system using green, cheap and recyclable ethanol as solvent. The lignin fraction (lignin-2) extracted by methanol and dioxane showed low reactivity and high carbon content, which was used to produce lignin-based activated carbon (LAC) with phosphoric acid as activator. Moreover, the influences of synthetic factors on the purification capacity were discussed, and the LBF and LAC produced under the optimal conditions showed distinguished purification effect on kaolin suspension and heavy metal wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding purification mechanism and external factors were also elaborated. It is believed that this cleaner production strategy is helpful for the valorization of lignin in wastewater resources.

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“…The thermal stability of a flocculant is governed by its chemical architecture, molecular composition, and molecular weight properties, which are essential for wastewater treatment systems of the chemical processes operating at an elevated temperature (i.e., the mining process). , In this regard, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis can provide information on the thermal decomposition profiles of lignin macromolecules, which facilitate the investigation on the physicoochemical alternation of the lignin polymer that occurs at a high temperature . Moreover, high-molecular-weight flocculants have a high softening point and glass-transition temperature ( T g ) . It was stated that at a temperature higher than the T g , the molecular structure of lignin started to soften due to the Brownian motion, which would subsequently alter the physicochemical properties of lignin in solution and thus its performance as a flocculant .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, high-molecular-weight flocculants have a high softening point and glass-transition temperature ( T g ) . It was stated that at a temperature higher than the T g , the molecular structure of lignin started to soften due to the Brownian motion, which would subsequently alter the physicochemical properties of lignin in solution and thus its performance as a flocculant . Thus, the thermal properties of lignin-based polymers were fundamentally investigated in this study to probe if the lignin copolymers can be used as flocculants in wastewater treatment systems at an elevated temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Application of Triblock Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Anionic Copolymers in Aqueous Systems

2021

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Although lignin is currently an under-utilized biopolymer, it has the potential to be valorized through different modification pathways to yield alternative products to petroleum-based ones. In this work, hydrolysis lignin (HL) was copolymerized with acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) under acidic conditions to generate the lignin/AM polymer (HM), lignin/AA polymer (HA), and lignin/AM/AA copolymer (HAM) with different negative charge densities and molecular weights. Lignin-based polymers characterized by advanced tools, such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permission chromatography (GPC), and elemental analysis confirmed the successful polymerization of HL with AM, AA, or AM/AA monomers. The adsorption analysis using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) revealed that compared to diblock HM and HA, the triblock copolymers of HAM adsorbed more on the Al2O3 surface and generated a bulkier adsorbed layer, which is important for lignin-based coating formulation. HAM1 with a lower charge density yielded a higher surface excess density, while HAM2 with a larger R h occupied more space (153.7 Å2) at the interface of water and Al2O3. In suspension systems, because of the higher M w, R h, and adsorption affinity, the bridging performance of HAM2 was more remarkable than that of the other lignin derivatives for Al2O3 particles via forming stronger flocs (with a deflocculation parameter, T df, of 80.6 s). However, the diblock lignin–AA (HA1) polymer showed the fastest floc regrowth capability after reducing the shear forces (with a reflocculation parameter, T rf, of 62.5 s). The high thermal stability, T g, and rheological characteristics of the HAM copolymer proved that it can be an excellent material for coating formulations and flocculants for wastewater treatment systems.

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A review on production of lignin-based ﬂocculants: Sustainable feedstock and low carbon footprint applications

Cited by 50 publications

References 143 publications

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

Customized Utilization Strategies of Industrial Lignin to Produce Adsorbents and Flocculants Based on Fractionation and Adequate Structural Interpretation

Production and Application of Triblock Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Anionic Copolymers in Aqueous Systems

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