A review on pilus assembly mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Shanmugasundarasamy, Tamilarasi; Govindarajan, Deenadayalan Karaiyagowder; Kandaswamy, Kumaravel

doi:10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100077

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…When a single cell adheres to a solid surface, it may initiate a type of surface-associated motility termed twitching. This is a movement across abiotic and biotic surfaces such as glass, plastic, or skin tissues, which is mediated by hair-like, multi-subunit compounds T4P [ 56 , 57 , 58 ]. T4P machinery is a subclass of the type IV filament superfamily closely associated with the type II secretion system (T2SS) of Gram-negative bacteria as well as the competence pilus of Gram-positive bacteria and the archaellum in Archaea [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Types Of Bacterial Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PilA is not the only protein that forms the extracellular fibre, because there are some minor pilins that form a priming complex and, therefore, localise at the pilus tip. Different minor pilins are involved in different biological functions, for example, aggregation via pilus–pilus interactions and the acquisition of external DNA and motility (the structure and function of minor pilins of T4P) [ 58 , 62 , 63 ]. Extracellular fibre filaments range from thin (6–9 nm in diameter) to long (several microns) and can expand to be many times longer than the cell [ 64 ].…”

Section: Types Of Bacterial Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Motility and Its Role in Skin and Wound Infections

Zegadło

Żarnowiec

Durlik-Popińska

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Skin and wound infections are serious medical problems, and the diversity of bacteria makes such infections difficult to treat. Bacteria possess many virulence factors, among which motility plays a key role in skin infections. This feature allows for movement over the skin surface and relocation into the wound. The aim of this paper is to review the type of bacterial movement and to indicate the underlying mechanisms than can serve as a target for developing or modifying antibacterial therapies applied in wound infection treatment. Five types of bacterial movement are distinguished: appendage-dependent (swimming, swarming, and twitching) and appendage-independent (gliding and sliding). All of them allow bacteria to relocate and aid bacteria during infection. Swimming motility allows bacteria to spread from ‘persister cells’ in biofilm microcolonies and colonise other tissues. Twitching motility enables bacteria to press through the tissues during infection, whereas sliding motility allows cocci (defined as non-motile) to migrate over surfaces. Bacteria during swarming display greater resistance to antimicrobials. Molecular motors generating the focal adhesion complexes in the bacterial cell leaflet generate a ‘wave’, which pushes bacterial cells lacking appendages, thereby enabling movement. Here, we present the five main types of bacterial motility, their molecular mechanisms, and examples of bacteria that utilise them. Bacterial migration mechanisms can be considered not only as a virulence factor but also as a target for antibacterial therapy.

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Section: Types Of Bacterial Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Bacterial Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Motility and Its Role in Skin and Wound Infections

Zegadło

Żarnowiec

Durlik-Popińska

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…[7][8][9][10] Clinically, most UTIs are initiated by urinary tract pathogenic bacteria that pass through the urinary meatus into the urinary tract and ascend into the bladder cavity subsequently. [11][12][13][14] Once reaching the bladder, the bacteria replicate quickly in the urine and infect the bladder in large numbers. 15,16 It was called cystitis when the infection was confined to the bladder while it was called pyelonephritis when the infection spread to the kidney.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Fluorescence Sensor Guided Detection of Urinary Tract Bacterial Infections

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Yin³

et al. 2022

IJN

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Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most serious human bacterial infections affecting millions of people every year. Therefore, simple and reliable identification of the urinary tract pathogenic bacteria within a few minutes would be of great significance for diagnosis and treatment of clinical patients with UTIs. In this study, the fluorescence sensor was reported to guide the detection of urinary tract bacterial infections rapidly. Methods The Ami-AuNPs-DNAs sensor was fabricated by the amino-modified Au nanoparticles (Ami-AuNPs) and six DNAs signal molecules, which bound to the urinary tract pathogenic bacteria and generated corresponding response signals. Further, based on the collected response signals, identification was performed by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The Ami-AuNPs and Ami-AuNPs-DNAs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV−vis absorption spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, dynamic light scattering and zeta potentials. Thereafter, the Ami-AuNPs-DNAs sensor was used to discriminate and identify five kinds of urinary tract pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the quantitative analysis performance towards individual bacteria at different concentrations were also evaluated. Results The Ami-AuNPs-DNAs sensor were synthesized successfully in terms of spherical, well-dispersed and uniform in size, which could well discriminate five main urinary tract pathogenic bacteria with unique fingerprint-like patterns and was sufficiently sensitive to determine individual bacteria with a detection limit to 1×10 7 cfu/mL. Furthermore, the sensor had also been successfully applied to identify bacteria in urine samples collected from clinical UTIs. Conclusion The developed fluorescence sensor could be applied to rapid and accurate discrimination of urinary tract pathogenic bacteria and holds great promise for the diagnosis of the disease caused by bacterial infection.

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“…Bio lm formation is a multi-step and sequential process that begins with the attachment of a single cell (planktonic bacterium) to a conditioned surface [1][2][3]. Bio lms can consist of a single (predominantly studied in the laboratory) or multiple (found in nature) species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed species bio lm infections are more persistent and resistant to antibiotics and often contribute to recurrent infection. For example, E. faecalis along with E. coli often colonizes clinical devices such as catheters and leads to pathogen transmission to the host [3,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus faecalis thrives in dual-species biofilm models under iron-rich conditions

Govindarajan¹,

Meghanathan²,

Sivaramakrishnan³

et al. 2022

Arch Microbiol

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) are pathogenic strains that often coexist as an intestinal ora in humans and are prone to cause bio lm-associated infections such as gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infections. Earlier studies have demonstrated that E. faecalis bio lm can metabolize ferrous ions in iron-rich environments and promote bio lm growth under in-vivo conditions. However, the in uence of iron transporters on dual-species bio lm growth and the nature of molecular-level interactions between iron transporter proteins and Fe 2+ remains unknown. Therefore, we performed co-culture studies and found that Fe 2+ at concentrations of 50 to 150 µM promotes the colonization of E. coli, and Fe 2+ concentrations of 50 to 200 µM promote the growth of E. faecalis and dual-species colonies. Similarly, Fe 2+ at concentrations of 50 to 250 µM promotes E. coli and E. faecalis bio lm formation 50 to 300 µM promotes bio lm formation of dual-species bio lms. Atomic absorption spectroscopy results reveal that Fe 2+ ion augmentation in bacterial cells was increased to 4 folds in the single-species model and 11 folds in the dual-species model under iron-supplemented conditions. Furthermore, Fe 2+ augmentation increased the antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in both single and dualspecies bacterial cultures. In addition, we have performed in-silico studies to determine a threedimensional (3D) structure of ferrous iron-transporter proteins FeoB of E. faecalis and its a nity to extracellular Fe 2+ . Our model suggests that the FeoB facilitates the Fe 2+ uptake in E. faecalis cells in the absence of iron chelator, 2,2-bipyridyl.

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A review on pilus assembly mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Cited by 29 publications

References 143 publications

Bacterial Motility and Its Role in Skin and Wound Infections

Bacterial Motility and Its Role in Skin and Wound Infections

Rapid Fluorescence Sensor Guided Detection of Urinary Tract Bacterial Infections

Enterococcus faecalis thrives in dual-species biofilm models under iron-rich conditions

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