A Review on Optimization and Control Methods Used to Provide Transient Stability in Microgrids

Microgrids being an important entity in the distribution system, and to get their full advantages by incorporating maximum distributed generation, standalone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs), being environmentally-safe and economically-efficient, are considered as the promising solution to electrify remote areas where the grid power is not available. In this work, a techno-economic investigation with an optimal design of HRES is presented to fulfill the domestic electricity need for a residential area of the Sherani district in the Province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Nine case studies based on PV/wind/diesel/battery are analyzed based on net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and emission to decide the feasible solution. HOMER tool is utilized to accomplish modeling and simulation for economic analysis and optimal sizing. Simulation results demonstrated that HRES with PV-wind-battery is the most viable option for the specified area, and the optimal sizing of components are also obtained with $ 28,620 NPC and $ 0.311/kWh COE which shows 81.65 % reduction in cost and 100 % preserving in toxic emission while fulfilling 100 % energy demand with 67.3 % of excess energy. Furthermore, MATLAB/Simulink modeling for the optimally designed system is built for technical analysis while its effectiveness is proved by keeping dc and ac buses voltage constant, safe operating range of battery state of charge (SOC) with active power balance between HRES components, as well as efficient ac voltage quality, regardless of generation disturbances and load fluctuations. The output signal has total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.30 % as compared to 5.44 % with the conventional control scheme. The novelty lies in the sequential application of both HOMER and MATLAB simulations of the proposed HRES model and validation of the proposition for the studied area; by using and implementing model predictive control (MPC) of a reconfigurable inverter. WT

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“…MPC is the most preferable solution for complex control problems [55]. The advantages of the suggested FCS-MPC based model are listed as follows:…”

Section: Research Background Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Community Load Management Based on Optimal Design of Standalone HRES With Model Predictive Control

et al. 2020

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“…MPC is the most preferred option for handling the complexity of control problems [56]. The merits of the presented scheme are explained below:…”

Section: B Advantages Of the Proposed Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design and Model Predictive Control of Standalone HRES: A Real Case Study for Residential Demand Side Management

et al. 2020

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Conventional electricity generation is one of the greatest sources of CO 2 emissions. For a successful transformation of conventional energy systems into non-polluting and renewable energy systems, technology-focused traditional systems and economics must be combined for a more accurate holistic viewpoint with consideration of socio-political, technical, economic and environmental factors. Hybrid energy systems are considered the most feasible solution to the stochastic nature of renewable energy resources (RERs). Different renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydrogen fuel cells can be integrated to form hybrid systems. An energy management strategy (EMS) is a strategy for power flow coordination among different components, by considering power demand and other constraints. The choice for an accurate EMS is the key element of a hybrid system as it is instrumental in providing an optimum solution of the hybrid system design and operation management. The objective of the optimization is to find suitable configurations for cost-effective solutions. Optimization and EMS must be treated as one entity to completely understand the system design. This study focuses on a techno-economic analysis with an optimized sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) components to meet the residential load demand of a specific area in Pakistan. Nine different scenarios based on the PV-wind-diesel-BSS-converter system are investigated in terms of total net present cost (TNPC), Levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to find the optimal system design. HOMER Pro software is used to develop the HRES model and for simulation analysis, with optimal sizing of each component for an economical solution. Simulation studies established that PV-wind-BSS-converter is the best suitable choice for the given location, and the optimal component sizes were determined. The TNPC of this system is $ 47,398 and the LCOE is $ 0.309/kWh. This represents an 81.7 % decrease in overall cost, compared to the base case (diesel only) and a 100% reduction in harmful gases while satisfying 100 % of the energy requirement with a 63.9 % of the surplus. MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for the optimum HRES system design. Its validity is tested by maintaining bus voltages (dc and ac), the secure operation range of storage SOC and real power balance among different components of the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), and an effective ac voltage, irrespective of external perturbations. Model predictive control (MPC) is regarded as a high-performing algorithm. Since power converters are largely applied in microgrids (MGs), the problem formulation with MPC for a reconfigurable bidirectional voltage source converter (VSC) is applied in this work for hybrid MG. The inevitable fluctuations due to the linear and non-linear loads and the nature of renewable sources are addressed. The regulation of ac voltage is implemented through a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) based active front end (AFE) rectifier, while...

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“…In this case, the DC-DC converter connected to the DC-link/DC-bus can serve as a storage or as an electrical brake, for wind turbine during wind gusts. DC/AC inverters play an important role in frequency and voltage control, while AC/DC converters can isolate the micro-grid from the utility and properly match it with the DC loads in residential applications [9,26,27]. Inverters for utility connection can be broadly classified into two types: Switch-mode single-phase inverters and switch-mode three-phase inverters.…”

Section: Power Electronic Converters Used In Micro-gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of micro-grids with classification schemes as a solution for reliable integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), including energy storage systems and controllable loads, can be found in various literature, such as in [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Although the common configuration of micro-grids is AC, a huge interest in DC micro-grids has been shown for some advantages, such as no reactive power or synchronization need, and the increasing number of available smart DC devices and DC loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Micro-Grids Exploiting Renewables Sources, Battery Energy Storages, and Bi-Directional Converters

2019

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This paper analyzes trends in renewable-energy-sources (RES), power converters, and control strategies, as well as battery energy storage and the relevant issues in battery charging and monitoring, with reference to a new and improved energy grid. An alternative micro-grid architecture that overcomes the lack of flexibility of the classic energy grid is then described. By mixing DC and AC sources, the hybrid micro-grid proposes an alternative architecture where the use of bi-directional electric vehicle chargers creates a micro-grid that directly interconnects all the partner nodes with bi-directional energy flows. The micro-grid nodes are the main grid, the RES and the energy storage systems, both, on-board the vehicle and inside the micro-grid structure. This model is further sustained by the new products emerging in the market, since new solar inverters are appearing, where a local energy storage for the RES is available. Therefore, the power flow from/towards the RES becomes bi-directional with improved flexibility and efficiency.

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A Review on Optimization and Control Methods Used to Provide Transient Stability in Microgrids

Cited by 41 publications

References 100 publications

Residential Community Load Management Based on Optimal Design of Standalone HRES With Model Predictive Control

Residential Community Load Management Based on Optimal Design of Standalone HRES With Model Predictive Control

Optimal Design and Model Predictive Control of Standalone HRES: A Real Case Study for Residential Demand Side Management

Hybrid Micro-Grids Exploiting Renewables Sources, Battery Energy Storages, and Bi-Directional Converters

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