A review on magneto-mechanical characterizations of magnetorheological elastomers

Bastola, Anil K.; Hossain, Mokarram

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108348

Cited by 223 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…The storage modulus in Figure 3 a showed an increased change in length as the magnetic field increased, where the values also increased with increasing CIP concentrations. The storage modulus is an indication of the ability of an MA foam to store deformation energy in an elastic manner [ 22 ]. It is directly related to the strength of the internal chainlike structure of the CIPs in a magnetic field, where the higher the degree of the chains, the greater will be the storage modulus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivities of Rheological Properties of Magnetoactive Foam for Soft Sensor Technology

Norhaniza

Mazlan

Ubaidillah

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Magnetoactive (MA) foam, with its tunable mechanical properties and magnetostriction, has the potential to be used for the development of soft sensor technology. However, researchers have found that its mechanical properties and magnetostriction are morphologically dependent, thereby limiting its capabilities for dexterous manipulation. Thus, in this work, MA foam was developed with additional capabilities for controlling its magnetostriction, normal force, storage modulus, shear stress and torque by manipulating the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the magnetic field with regard to morphological changes. MA foams were prepared with three weight percentages of CIPs, namely, 35 wt.%, 55 wt.% and 75 wt.%, and three different modes, namely, zero shear, constant shear and various shears. The results showed that the MA foam with 75 wt.% of CIPs enhanced the normal force sensitivity and positive magnetostriction sensitivity by up to 97% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivities of the storage modulus, torque and shear stress were 8.97 Pa/mT, 0.021 µN/mT, and 0.0096 Pa/mT, respectively. Meanwhile, the magnetic dipolar interaction between the CIPs was capable of changing the property of MA foam from a positive to a negative magnetostriction under various shear strains with a low loss of energy. Therefore, it is believed that this kind of highly sensitive MA foam can potentially be implemented in future soft sensor systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivities of Rheological Properties of Magnetoactive Foam for Soft Sensor Technology

Norhaniza

Mazlan

Ubaidillah

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Typically, a universal testing machine or dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) equipped with a magnetic device to apply a magnetic field is the setup used to measure the magnetomechanical properties. [ 74 ]…”

Section: Materials Processing and Functional Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 75 ] These dynamic tests can include both compression and shear modes. [ 74 ] Rotatory rheometers equipped with a magnetorheology accessory have been used to characterize MREs composed of SR and CIPs. [ 39 ] The instrument provides a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of shear motion applied to the MRE sample, the intensity of that field being measured by a Hall probe beneath the bottom geometry.…”

Section: Materials Processing and Functional Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of such techniques is the so‐called forced vibration analysis, where the frequency can be as large as 6000 Hz. [ 74 ] In this kind of test, a single degree of freedom system is developed, where the MRE sample acts as a spring element. The frequency‐response curve of the sample is then determined through a frequency sweep and measurement of the excitation and response amplitude to the vibration.…”

Section: Materials Processing and Functional Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetorheological Elastomer‐Based Materials and Devices: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Magnetorheological elastomers based on the combination of a polymeric matrix with magnetic fillers allow the possibility of controlling their mechanical properties when an external magnetic field is applied. This so‐called magnetorheological effect can be exploited for a variety of applications. Herein, a comprehensive outlook at the state of the art is provided, in terms of the materials, effects, and applications. The physical effects that result in the magnetorheological effect are described, both from a micro and phenomenological points of view. Then, the possible combinations of different polymeric matrices and magnetic fillers, along with other additives, are presented, allowing to tune the mechanical properties, mainly dependent on the polymer matrix, and the magnetic field response, which is related to the magnetic filler. Finally, representative applications of magnetorheological elastomers are presented. This review represents an up‐to‐date state‐of‐the‐art in the field of magnetorheological elastomers as a ground to highlight the main achievements and point the specific needs to improve their response and applicability by further tuning materials and configurations.

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“…A striking example is so-called magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs), consisting of a soft polymer matrix with embedded ferromagnetic micro- and/or nanoparticles [ 1 , 2 ]. Combining the elasticity of the polymer with the magnetism of the filler has proven to be very successful in creating a high magnetic response of these materials [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The presence of magnetic particles introduces magnetic sensitivity, while the elastomeric nature of the dispersing medium allows external control of various physical properties of the resulting composites via the magnetomechanical coupling that occurs when a magnetic field is applied and manifests itself by the restructuring of magnetic particles in the soft elastomer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Spectroscopy of Hybrid Magnetoactive Elastomers

2021

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Dielectric properties of two series of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) based on a soft silicone matrix containing 35 vol% of magnetic particles were studied experimentally in a wide temperature range. In the first series, a hybrid filler representing a mixture of magnetically hard NdFeB particles of irregular shape and an average size of 50 μm and magnetically soft carbonyl iron (CI) of 4.5 μm in diameter was used for MAE fabrication. MAEs of the second series contained only NdFeB particles. The presence of magnetically hard NdFeB filler made it possible to passively control MAE dielectric response by magnetizing the samples. It was shown that although the hopping mechanism of MAEs conductivity did not change upon magnetization, a significant component of DC conductivity appeared in the magnetized MAEs presumably due to denser clustering of interacting particles resulting in decreasing interparticle distances. The transition from a non-conducting to a conducting state was more pronounced for hybrid MAEs containing both NdFeB and Fe particles with a tenfold size mismatch. Hybrid MAEs also demonstrated a considerable increase in the real part of the complex relative permittivity upon magnetization and its asymmetric behavior in external magnetic fields of various directions. The effects of magnetic filler composition and magnetization field on the dielectric properties of MAEs are important for practical applications of MAEs as elements with a tunable dielectric response.

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A review on magneto-mechanical characterizations of magnetorheological elastomers

Cited by 223 publications

References 213 publications

Sensitivities of Rheological Properties of Magnetoactive Foam for Soft Sensor Technology

Sensitivities of Rheological Properties of Magnetoactive Foam for Soft Sensor Technology

Magnetorheological Elastomer‐Based Materials and Devices: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Dielectric Spectroscopy of Hybrid Magnetoactive Elastomers

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