A Review on Liquefied Natural Gas as Fuels for Dual Fuel Engines: Opportunities, Challenges and Responses

Arefin, Md. Arman; Nabi, Nurun; Akram, Washim; Islam, Mohammad Towhidul; Chowdhury, Md. Wahid

doi:10.3390/en13226127

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In addition, according to References [63][64][65][66][67][68], using LNG as a marine fuel can provide a significant reduction in NOx and particulate matters (PM). Therefore, using LNG as a marine fuel is an effective harmonized strategy for reducing air pollutants and CO2 emissions simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Economic Performances of Three Sulphur Oxides Emissions Abatement Solutions for a Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)

Fan

Huan

Enshaei

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Ship-source air pollutants, especially sulphur oxides (SOx), have a major impact on human health, the marine environment and the natural resources. Therefore, control of SOx emissions has become a main concern in the maritime industry. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a global limit on sulphur content of 0.50% m/m (mass by mass) in marine fuels which has entered into effect on 1 January 2020.To comply with the sulphur limits, ship owners are facing the need to select suitable abatement solutions. The choice of a suitable solution is a compromise among many issues, but the economic performance offers the basis for which ones are attractive to ship owners. Currently, there are three technologically feasible SOx abatement solutions that could be used by ships, namely, liquified natural gas (LNG) as a fuel (Solution A), scrubbers (Solution B) and low-sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) (Solution C). To compare the economic performances of the mentioned three solutions for a newbuilding very large crude carrier (VLCC), this paper proposes a voyage expenses-based method (VEM). It was found that, within the initial target payback period of 6 years, Solution A and C are more expensive than Solution B, while Solution C is more competitive than Solution A. Five scenarios of target payback years were assumed to compare the trends of the three proposed solutions. The results show that Solution B maintains its comparative advantage. As the assumed target payback years becomes longer, the economy of Solution A gradually improves and the economics of Solution B and C gradually decline. A comparison between Solution A and C shows 6.5 years is a turning point. The advantage of Solution A is prominent after this payback period. In addition, the performance of a certain solution in terms of adaptability to the IMO greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions regulations is also a factor that ship owner need to consider when making decisions. In conclusion, when the IMO air pollutant regulations and GHG regulations are considered simultaneously, the advantages of using LNG are obvious.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Economic Performances of Three Sulphur Oxides Emissions Abatement Solutions for a Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)

Fan

Huan

Enshaei

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…Conversion kits convert a diesel engine to run on LNG, which generally requires a special fuel management system. All fuel lines, valves, and vaporizers must be cryogenic [18]. Meanwhile, marine gas engines are divided into three different types such as [19]:…”

Section: Lng-fuelled Ship Engine Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It cannot be separated from several technical challenges. Some Technical perspectives and challenges on LNG-fuelled ships: a critical overview on GHG emission reductions and economic evaluation Tuswan Tuswan, Dian Purnama Sari, Teguh Muttaqie, Aditya Rio Prabowo, Meitha Soetardjo, Totok Tri Putrastyo Murwatono, Ridwan Utina, Yuniati Yuniati problems are related to engine knock reduction, micro pilot fuel injection, control strategy, and safety requirements [18,81]. Knocking is a common problem with dual-fuel engines.…”

Section: Technical Issues On Dual Fuel Engine Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representative application of LNG-fuelled ships: a critical overview on potential ghg emission reductions and economic benefits

Tuswan

Sari²,

Muttaqie³

et al. 2023

brod

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The shipping industry is the primary and most significant mode of international cargo transportation. The ship must comply with strict rules regarding reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a dominant transportation mode. Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is the primary alternative fuel option for several shipping companies. In essence, many studies recommend LNG as a transitional and alternative fuel because its emission characteristics are cleaner than other fossil fuels. Several previous investigations have been carried out to develop an action plan for integrating the use of LNG as a ship fuel. However, there have been few discussions on the estimation of GHG emission reduction and the economic efficiency of a representative LNG-fuelled ship. The recent progress on LNG-fuelled ships is systematically reviewed to summarize the pathways and highlight the core technological concepts, technical issues, current LNG-fuelled ship applications, and future outlooks regarding integrating LNG energy resources into ship power systems to measure GHG emission reductions and cost savings estimations. The report will discuss the current development in the maritime sector and the effects of the macroeconomic scale. The result reveals that future research on ship-based LNG energy systems will probably concentrate on integrating new energy source generating strategies with existing ship power systems to improve energy efficiency. Several potential research areas for future outlook were also discussed to anticipate future challenges.

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“…The scenario proposed in the implementation of GREEN HYDROGEN production is Power to H 2 or Power to X with electrolyzer technology where "X" is a variety of chemical products and synthetic fuels resulting from the further conversion of H 2 . The need for GREEN HYDROGEN is certain to increase drastically due to NZE requirements, so it is projected as a big business opportunity for energy sector business actors [49]. Fuel Cells technology has the potential to be applied in the defense sector because of its relatively small size, some fuel cells are quite light, have no emissions, have high specific energy, do not make noise, etc.…”

Section: Development Of Hydrogen Fuel Cells Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technology in Facing Net Zero-Emission Conditions and Supporting National Defense

2022

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Conversion technology is a solution that was born to solve energy problems and human needs. Without energy, all human activities ranging from households and jobs to the industry cannot work as they should, but energy conversion that uses conventional fuels will cause new issues such as climate changes. Therefore, energy conservation is very important for sustainability and energy saving. So, by reducing energy use, the pollution produced will decrease. This paper focuses on the introduction of energy conversion and conservation technology based on a qualitative literature review to deal with net-zero emission conditions. The conversion technology is environmentally friendly and efficient, and is committed to following the international Net Zero Emissions (NZE) agreement, renewable energy conversion technology and new technologies (fuel cells) to meet Indonesia's defense equipment and defense needs. Indonesia's energy use (2019) consists of oil 35%, coal 37.3%, gas 18.5%, hydropower 2.5%, geothermal 1.7%, biofuel 3%, and other renewables at nearly 2%. In 2013 Indonesia's recoverable shale resources obtained a value of 8 Billion Barrels. Because of that the total CO2 emissions resulting from energy use in Indonesia are 581 MtCO2 in 2019. Efforts to fulfil Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) continue to be carried out, so that Indonesia's target is to enter a state of net-zero emission by 2060. Fuel cell technology has the potential to be applied in the Indonesian National Army, because of its relatively small size, light weight, zero-emission, high specific energy and zero-noise.

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A Review on Liquefied Natural Gas as Fuels for Dual Fuel Engines: Opportunities, Challenges and Responses

Cited by 39 publications

References 68 publications

Comparison of the Economic Performances of Three Sulphur Oxides Emissions Abatement Solutions for a Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)

Comparison of the Economic Performances of Three Sulphur Oxides Emissions Abatement Solutions for a Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)

Representative application of LNG-fuelled ships: a critical overview on potential ghg emission reductions and economic benefits

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technology in Facing Net Zero-Emission Conditions and Supporting National Defense

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