A review on impedimetric biosensors

Abstract

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a sensitive technique for the analysis of the interfacial properties related to biorecognition events such as reactions catalyzed by enzymes, biomolecular recognition events of specific binding proteins, lectins, receptors, nucleic acids, whole cells, antibodies or antibody-related substances, occurring at the modified surface. Many studies on impedimetric biosensors are focused on immunosensors and aptasensors. In impedimetric immunosensors, antibodies and antigens are bound each other and thus immunocomplex is formed and the electrode is coated with a blocking layer. As a result of that electron transfer resistance increases. In impedimetric aptasensors, impedance changes following the binding of target sequences, conformational changes, or DNA damages. Impedimetric biosensors allow direct detection of biomolecular recognition events without using enzyme labels. In this paper, impedimetric biosensors are reviewed and the most interesting ones are discussed.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Based Biosensors: Mechanistic Principles, Analytical Examples and Challenges towards Commercialization for Assays of Protein Cancer Biomarkers

“…Out of all the electroanalytical methods, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most complex, affording several advantages over the commonly used amperometry/potentiometry (e. g., wide linear range, low limit of detection (LOD) and label‐free mode of operation) . To overcome the drawbacks of traditional laboratory electrochemical instrumentations, complementary metal oxide semiconductor instrumentation circuits have been reported and recently summarized .…”

Electrochemical biosensors for hormone analyses

“…In an electrochemical system, the resistance of electrolyte solution is related to the bulk properties of the electrolyte solution. Besides, Warburg impedance represents the diffusion of the redox probe through the electrode surface (Ndangili et al, 2011;Fang et al, 2014;Bahadır and Sezgintürk, 2014;Özcan et al, 2014). Table 3 summarizes impedimetric biosensors for hormone detection in literature.…”

Potentiostats for Protein Biosensing: Design Considerations and Analysis on Measurement Characteristics

“…Impedimetric Protein Detection. In impedimetric mode, a biosensor detects the change in resistance and/or capacitance that occurs during detection events [40,41]. At equilibrium, the electrolyte-electrode's electrical impedance (AC) is measured by these biosensors.…”

“…Among the AC stimulus voltages, [50,51,55,64] employed the largest range of frequency from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz, in order to ensure a proper impedimetric configuration. In order to design a highly accurate impedimetric potentiostat, key design considerations are the linearity of the output voltage and the stability of the system in achieving the desired frequency [40]. This is fundamental to precisely control a selected frequency and to sweep over multiple frequencies for proper characterization of the protein.…”