A review on heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of nano/microencapsulated phase change slurry (N/MPCS) in mini/microchannel heat sinks

Abstract

Mini/microchannel heat sinks are currently widely used in a variety of thermal and energy applications with the advantages of compactness, light weight and higher heat transfer performance. In order to further improve the performance of such heat sink, many recent studies have introduced the nano/microencapsulated phase change slurry (N/MPCS) as the working fluid due to their high storage capacity during phase change. This paper concerns the channel with hydraulic diameter from 10 μm to 3 mm, covering the range of microchannel and minichannel. Firstly, the existed review works relate to mini/microchannel heat sinks are summarized, with topics covering manufacturing processes and geometric designs, thermal and hydrodynamic performance with different working fluids, and their typical and potential applications. Then, the N/MPCS used in mini/microchannels from experimental and numerical simulation works are discussed, with focuses placed on the base fluid, core and shell materials, and thermophysical properties of slurry. Next, the local, average and overall heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of mini/microchannel heat sinks with N/MPCS flowing inside are reviewed and analyzed, considering different flow conditions, material and dimension of test section, and composition and fraction of such slurry. Finally, the proposed heat transfer and pressure drop correlations in this research field are evaluated. The purpose of this review

Natural convective flow and heat transfer of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials (NEPCMs) in a cavity

“…1 properties are the density, the heat capacity of the mixture, the thermal volume expansion, the thermal conductivity and the dynamic viscosity. The density of the mixture can be evaluated using the density of the NEPCM particles and the base fluid, as [44]:…”

“…As the nano-encapsulated phase-change particles are synthesized as a core and a shell [44], [45], the effective density of these particles can be evaluated as [44], [46]:…”

“…In the present study, the core PCM undergoes phase change, and hence, the latent heat of change phase should be taken into account as a part of the specific heat of the NEPCM particles. A rectangular, triangle, or sine profile can be used to model the latent heat of phase change as a part of the specific heat of the core PCM when it undergoes a phase change [37], [44], [48], [49]:…”

“…In the case of micro-encapsulated PCMs, the literature review shows that the shear rate induces a significant effect on the apparent thermal conductivity of the slurry of microparticles and base fluid. Hence, for micro PCMs, the thermal conductivity was divided into two parts, static thermal conductivity and dynamic thermal conductivity [44], [51. The static thermal conductivity part is usually evaluated by the well-known Maxwell model [47], [50]. The dynamic part of the thermal conductivity is a function of shear rate, as discussed in [37], [43], [44], [51].…”

Influence of Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux on MHD Jeffrey, Maxwell, and Oldroyd-B Nanofluids with Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reaction

“…Shah et al [40] presented the Darcy-Forchheimer flow of radiative carbon nanotubes in a rotating frame. Chai et al [41] presented a review of the heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of nano/microencapsulated phase. Shah et al [42] examined the electro-magneto micropoler Casson Ferrofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet.…”