A review on graphene based transition metal oxide composites and its application towards supercapacitor electrodes

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) graphene and its outstanding properties such as, enormous conductivities, mechanical strength, optical and electrical properties brought it one of the most studied materials for the production of energy using renewable resources. The composites of graphene with the same morphological materials such as layered transition metal oxides will be the most aspiring combination to boost their conducting, optoelectronic and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the transition metal chalcogenides materials attracted significant attention due to their atomically thin layers and enormous optical, conducting and electrical properties. The layered materials offer mostly atomically thin 2D plane to the charge carrier with superior conducting properties. The thickness at atomic level, band gap, spin orbit coupling electronic and optoelectronics properties of transition metal dichalcogenides makes them one of the promising entities in energy harvesting technologies. The review suggests some strategies to improve the transition metals-composites stability conducting properties to be tailored in various applications.

Applications of Ceramic/Graphene Composites and Hybrids

“…Different metal oxides like TiO 2 , ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, MnO 2 , RuO 2 , NiO, V 2 O 5 , or Co 3 O 4 , with varied nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanofibers, platelets and flower-like) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ] are examples of materials that have been used for studying the pseudocapacitive capabilities of TMO. Blends with graphene or GO sheets are often carried out by hydrothermal synthesis, allowing TMO nanoparticles to clamp to graphene defective sites, functional groups and wrinkles.…”

Non‐modulated synthesis of cobalt‐doped MoS 2 for improved supercapacitor performance

“…10,18 Because of its unique morphology, outstanding mechanical, and electrical properties, MoS 2 has been investigated for different energy storage, optoelectronics, sensing, and photocatalysis applications due to its similar structure to graphene. 19,20 MoS 2 is a member of TMDs families that are analogous to graphene with an akin lamellar structure and a weak Van der Waals force of attraction between S-Mo-S layers. MoS 2 materials have become a popular alternative for supercapacitors due to their graphene-like structure and intriguing electrical, mechanical, and optical properties.…”

Rational Design and Advance Applications of Transition Metal Oxides

“…Other than this, TiO 2 can put up roughly 1% of oxygen vacancies as well as titanium interstitials. There are exemptions to precede this generalization, as an example, ZnO which does not correspond to the tree of TMOs can provide a departure from the stoichiometric composition that varies from the range 10 −2 to 10 −1 at the temperature of 1000 °C [9][10][11].…”

“…Statistical thermodynamic handling of the defect equilibrium is typically unsuitable at the range of high defect concentrations that turn into the development of an identifiable superlattice. Owing to these conditions, the area of oxide covering the superlattice can be viewed as a different segment and the whole non-stoichiometry of oxide can be viewed as ascending from the mixture of such segments (two or more), instead of the arbitrary circulation of defects through single segment [8,9]. These sorts of super-lattice assembling are thought to occur in high-temperature segment CeO 2-x ; this involves the dissociation upon chilling into a two-phase mixture that comprises CeO 2 and Ce 32 O 58 .…”