A review on epidemiology, genomic characteristics, spread, and treatments of COVID-19

Bharati, Subrato; Podder, Prajoy; Mondal, M. Rubaiyat Hossain; Podder, Priya; Köse, Utku

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90769-9.00011-6

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…In the first reports, the World Health Organization (WHO) associated the occurrence of the disease with the consumption of wildlife meat from the local wet market [ 1 ]. However, the new disease promptly spread worldwide, and a pandemic was enunciated on 11 March 2020 [ 2 , 3 ]. Sequencing the full genome from patient samples identified the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the new COVID-19 disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Antibiotics in Primary Care Setting before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

et al. 2022

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The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought many changes in health care systems at all levels of health care. The increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 has led to overuse and misuse of antibiotics.The aim of this study was to compare the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in outpatients in the Republic of Srpska (RS), before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the association between antibiotic consumption and the rate of incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The total consumption of the antibiotics for systemic use (J01) in outpatients in the Republic of Srpska during 2019 was 19.40 DDD/TID, with an increase to 30.80 DDD/TID in 2020.Significantly higher use of penicillin (10.58 ± 11.01 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 17.10 ± 13.63 DDD/TID in 2020), cephalosporins (2.68 ± 1.90 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 5.93 ± 2.77 DDD/TID in 2020) and macrolides (2.14 ± 2.22 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 3.40 ± 3.44 DDD/TID in 2020) was observed during the pandemic period. It is necessary to improve the prescribing practice of antibiotics at the primary health care level, public awareness about rational use of antibiotics, as well as the current antibiotic stewardship programs and control their implementation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Antibiotics in Primary Care Setting before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

et al. 2022

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“…Human and animal coronaviruses have been describe in the literature before the COVID-19 outbreak ( 4 ). The virus is known to be genetically similar to previous viruses that emerged in China as SARS-CoV (79%) (in 2002) and in Saudi Arabia as MERS-CoV (50%)—Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (in 2012) ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Lactoferrin for COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and recovery

et al. 2022

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a unique beta-coronavirus, has caused the most serious outbreak of the last century at the global level. SARS-CoV-2 infections were firstly reported in the city of Wuhan in China in 2019 and this new disease was named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO). As this novel disease can easily be transmitted from one individual to another via respiratory droplets, many nations around the world have taken several precautions regarding the reduction in social activities and quarantine for the limitation of the COVID-19 transmission. SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause complications that may include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, septic shock, and death. To prevent and treat COVID-19, some significant studies have been conducted since the outbreak. One of the most noticeable therapeutic approaches is related to a multifunctional protein, lactoferrin. Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80 kDa cationic glycoprotein that has a great range of benefits from improving the immunity to antiviral effects due to its unique characteristics such as the iron-binding ability. This review summarizes the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential applications of Lf for the prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19.

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“…Classification algorithms in machine learning [70] learn how to categorize or annotate a given collection of occurrences with labels or classes. For example, the classification tasks of COVID-19 detections [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], cancer diagnoses [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [84,[95][96][97] are considered in a FL setting in healthcare. Other classification tasks studied include emotion recognition and human activity [98][99][100] and prediction of patient hospitalization [101,102].…”

Section: Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

Federated learning: Applications, challenges and future directions

Bharati

Mondal

Podder

et al. 2022

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Federated learning (FL) refers to a system in which a central aggregator coordinates the efforts of several clients to solve the issues of machine learning. This setting allows the training data to be dispersed in order to protect the privacy of each device. This paper provides an overview of federated learning systems, with a focus on healthcare. FL is reviewed in terms of its frameworks, architectures and applications. It is shown here that FL solves the preceding issues with a shared global deep learning (DL) model via a central aggregator server. Inspired by the rapid growth of FL research, this paper examines recent developments and provides a comprehensive list of unresolved issues. Several privacy methods including secure multiparty computation, homomorphic encryption, differential privacy and stochastic gradient descent are described in the context of FL. Moreover, a review is provided for different classes of FL such as horizontal and vertical FL and federated transfer learning. FL has applications in wireless communication, service recommendation, intelligent medical diagnosis system and healthcare, which we review in this paper. We also present a comprehensive review of existing FL challenges for example privacy protection, communication cost, systems heterogeneity, unreliable model upload, followed by future research directions.

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A review on epidemiology, genomic characteristics, spread, and treatments of COVID-19

Cited by 12 publications

References 79 publications

Consumption of Antibiotics in Primary Care Setting before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Consumption of Antibiotics in Primary Care Setting before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Lactoferrin for COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and recovery

Federated learning: Applications, challenges and future directions

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