A review on emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) for the treatment of various industrial effluent streams

Kumar, Anil; Thakur, Avinash; Panesar, Parmjit S.

doi:10.1007/s11157-019-09492-2

Cited by 91 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…These extractants (used individually) give a low value (as shown in Figure 4) of LA distribution coe cient (K D ) owing to their non-polar nature [26]. It is appropriate to mention here that these extractants have low solubility in the aqueous phase due to their non-polar nature, hence leading to a reduction in water co-extraction [29]. Based on the observation in Figure 2, the selection of an organic solvent (butan-2-ol) has been made, considering the value of LA distribution coe cient (K D = 1:175 0:07) and its pertinent properties (such as polarity, solubility (290 g/l), and dielectric constant (16.54)).…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially, synergism is a collaboration of two extractants/carriers that further facilitates the transportation of solute from the aqueous to organic phase. Recently, the applications of a synergistic mixture of extractants during the various extraction studies have been observed [19,23,[25][26][27][28][29]. Organic solvents have good in uence on the extraction power of these extractants, reaction stoichiometry, and good solvation for the acid-amine complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid using Environmentally Benign Green Solvents and Synergistic Mixture of Extractants

Kumar

Thakur

2019

Scientia Iranica

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An environment-friendly reactive extraction method as a novel phase separation technique is considered to extract Lactic Acid (LA) from the aqueous solution by means of environmentally benign green diluents along with a synergistic mixture of extractants. Reactive extraction of LA was carried out through a synergistic mixture of extractants (trioctylamine (TOA), Aliquat336, and tridodecylamine (TDDA)), organic solvents, and non-toxic and biocompatible green diluents. According to the various investigated LA reactive extraction processes, the process featuring sun ower oil, synergist extractant (TOA and Aliquat336), and Butan-2-ol was found to be the most favorable system. The LA distribution coe cient (K D = 27:75 0:22) and extraction e ciency ( = 97:17 0:54%) were obtained by a system consisting of LA concentration (0.05 [M]), TOA (15%, v/v), Aliquat336 (15%, v/v), phase ratio (1:1, v/v), solvent ratio (2.5, v/v), agitation speed (100 rpm), and stirring time (120 min). The main driving force for this research work on the LA reactive extraction from the aqueous solution is the development of a suitable combination of extractants, organic solvents, and natural solvents that possesses high a nity with LA and, also, has lower toxicity with respect to LA-producing microbes.

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Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid using Environmentally Benign Green Solvents and Synergistic Mixture of Extractants

Kumar

Thakur

2019

Scientia Iranica

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“…The formation of ELM is similar to emulsification, which involves a two‐step process including the creation of emulsion droplets of one liquid in a bulk solution and the stabilization of the freshly formed interface of the emulsion droplet. Four main components are commonly used in the formation of ELM: diluent, carrier, emulsifier, and stripping agent (Kumar & Thakur, 2019). A diluent adjusts the hydrophobicity of the phase, thereby promoting a higher stability of the emulsion.…”

Section: Methods For Extraction Of Phytonutrients From Palm Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characteristics of diluents such as viscosity, density, and solubility of water, dictate the performance of the diluent for stabilizing the emulsion (Fouad & Bart, 2008). Commonly, hexane and kerosene are the popular diluents used in ELM extraction due to their wide availability, low cost, and low viscosity (Kumar & Thakur, 2019). Another key component of ELM is the carrier, which is incorporated in the membrane phase to carry the solute through the membrane (Chakraborty & Bhattacharya, 2010).…”

Section: Emulsion Liquid Membrane (Elm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

Hoe

Chan

Ramanan

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Phytonutrients are plant-derived bioactives which are widely utilized as colorants or supplements in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. To meet the global demand for phytonutrients, oil palm has emerged as a promising source of phytonutrients on account of its large-scale plantation worldwide and high oil productivity. Phytonutrients including carotenoids, tocols, sterols, squalene, phospholipids, coenzyme Q10, and polyphenols can be found in crude palm oil as well as in the byproducts (e.g. palm oil mill effluent and palm-pressed fiber oil) generated from the palm oil milling process. However, the high viscosity and semisolid properties of palm oil are problematic in phytonutrient extraction. Another major challenge is the retention of the sensitive phytonutrients during the extraction process. Over the years, the advances in the extraction methods have improved the extractability of phytonutrients. The emerging extraction methods can operate under mild conditions to mitigate the risk of phytonutrient degradation. This review outlines the types of phytonutrient in palm oil and their extraction strategies. The working principles and operating conditions of extraction methods are discussed along with their potential and limitations in terms of extraction efficiency and practicability. The methods for pretreatment of feedstocks for improving extraction efficiency are also highlighted. The challenges in the extraction of phytonutrient from palm oil feedstock are summarized. Lastly, we provide suggestions for overcoming the limitations and improving the performances of phytonutrient extraction.

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“…Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is an established technology as a modification of liquid/liquid extraction. ELM has been considered as one of the most attractive type of liquid membrane and more selective than polymer-based membranes [1]. Moreover, most molecules have higher diffusivity through liquids than that of through polymer membranes, leading to higher extraction efficiency [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Heavy Metals Removal: Emulsion Breaking Study

Kusumastuti

Anis

Ahmad³

et al. 2020

Jurnal Teknologi

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Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) method has been widely applied in the separation process as the alternative of liquid/liquid extraction. This study compared the application of microwave, ultrasonic probe, and centrifuge in breaking the used emulsion. Demulsification efficiency was investigated in term of water content in the membrane phase solution before and after demulsification. The results showed that the use of microwave to break the used emulsion provided demulsification efficiency of 98.10%, while application of ultrasonic probe was able to break emulsion at efficiency of 98.45%. In the meantime, demulsification efficiency of almost 97% was achieved when employing centrifuge at centrifugation speed of 3000 rpm. Considering the energy consumption, it is recommended to apply microwave irradiation for emulsion breaking. It could save energy up to 97% and 99% compared to that of ultrasonic probe and centrifuge, respectively.

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A review on emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) for the treatment of various industrial effluent streams

Cited by 91 publications

References 179 publications

Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid using Environmentally Benign Green Solvents and Synergistic Mixture of Extractants

Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid using Environmentally Benign Green Solvents and Synergistic Mixture of Extractants

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Heavy Metals Removal: Emulsion Breaking Study

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