A review on clay‐reinforced ethylene propylene diene terpolymer composites

Abstract

In the new era of sustainable developments, various adaptations have been carried out in many industries to revolutionize the quest for sustainable materials as a method to reduce the dependency on petroleum feedstock. One of such inventions focusing on the automotive industries with new concepts of energy automotive such as electric and hybrid cars, as well as the utilization of inorganic materials as a components of polymer composites, which is expected to reduce the demand and utilization of various rubber composites in automotive parts. However, due to remarkable increment of service life and inherent properties, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) has showed the highest consumption in automotive segments and the fastest development rate in the field of polymer modification. Thus, a comprehensive review concerning the development of environmentally friendly EPDM-based composites reinforced by various clay minerals is highlighted and presented in this article. The characteristic of EPDM, including the chemistry, processing, properties, and applications, as well as the current research on various types of rubber/clay composites, EPDM/clay composites, and rubber/bentonite (Bt) composites, is reviewed and reported. In addition, the characteristics, properties, and applications of different types of clay minerals such as layered silicates, Bt clays, and montmorillonites as reinforcement material in EPDM composites are also included. Finally, the drawbacks and challenges in developments of EPDM/clay composites and the existing improvizations through various compatibilization of EPDM/clay composite system such as chemical modification of clays, functionalization using coupling agents, and compatibilization through grafting are discussed by highlighting the important findings.

Pyrophyllite: An Economic Mineral for Different Industrial Applications

“…Low-grade pyrophyllite is used as a dusting agent in the rubber industry to reduce costs, lubricate molds, and prevent surfaces from adhering together during production. Several properties of pyrophyllite are exploited in these applications, such as its platy structure, chemical inertness, smoothness, and greasy feel, as these combined properties affect the quality and smoothing of rubber tires [9,21,55,89]. One of the most important specifications that must be considered is the fineness of the grains, and grit is highly undesirable (Table 5).…”

Study on Thermal-Oxidative Aging Properties of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Composites Filled with Silica and Carbon Nanotubes

“…In contrast, the inorganic fillers that possess the anti-aging function are more efficient to be applied in rubber industry, which also play a role as reinforcing filler [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Therefore, there has been much academic and industrial interest in the development of rubber nanocomposites filled with fillers that could improve the aging resistance, such as clay, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, as a substitute for the traditional fillers including carbon black or silica [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Filler Influence on H2 Permeation Properties in Sulfur-CrossLinked Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Polymers Blended with Different Concentrations of Carbon Black and Silica Fillers

“…EPDM elastomers have been proven to be useful gas barrier materials in the automotive, electrical, and industrial construction industries due to their unique mechanical and chemical properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Their applications include radiator and heater hoses, window and door seals, O-rings and gaskets, accumulator bladders, wire and cable connectors and insulators, diaphragms, and weather stripping.…”