A review on challenges and developments of analytical pyrolysis and other thermoanalytical techniques for the quali-quantitative determination of microplastics

Nasa, Jacopo La; Biale, Greta; Fabbri, Daniele; Modugno, Francesca

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104841

Cited by 94 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For this purpose, the GC/MS is coupled with a pyrolysis unit (Pyr) or a thermal-extraction-desorption (TED)/thermogravimetric (TGA) unit [ 19 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. A recently published review provides a good summary of these methods [ 55 ]. In general, only the polymer can be identified and quantified with the thermoanalytical systems.…”

Section: Analysis Of Torcs On Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles: Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement by liquid scintillation counting is another method for analyzing sorbed TOrCs in laboratory experiments [ 6 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ...…”

Section: Analysis Of Torcs On Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles: Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many reviews have been published dealing with interactions between plastic particles (micro and nano) and TOrCs [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. Firstly, the plastic itself is examined more closely, including polymer type, the specific surface of the particles with their functional groups and physicochemical properties, crystallinity, polarity, and additives [ 8 , 16 , 55 , 92 , 96 ]. The factors of the surrounding matrix, such as salinity, pH, dissolved organic matter (DOM), coexisting organic contaminants, and ionic strength [ 9 , 93 ] are also considered.…”

Section: Analysis Of Torcs On Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles: Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Organic Contaminants and Interactions with Micro- and Nano-Plastics in the Aqueous Environment: Review of Analytical Methods

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micro- and nanoplastic particles are increasingly seen not only as contaminants themselves, but also as potential vectors for trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) that might sorb onto these particles. An analysis of the sorbed TOrCs can either be performed directly from the particle or TOrCs can be extracted from the particle with a solvent. Another possibility is to analyze the remaining concentration in the aqueous phase by a differential approach. In this review, the focus is on analytical methods that are suitable for identifying and quantifying sorbed TOrCs on micro- and nano-plastics. Specific gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) methods are considered. The respective advantages of each method are explained in detail. In addition, influencing factors for sorption in the first place are being discussed including particle size and shape (especially micro and nanoparticles) and the type of polymer, as well as methods for determining sorption kinetics. Since the particles are not present in the environment in a virgin state, the influence of aging on sorption is also considered.

show abstract

Section: Analysis Of Torcs On Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles: Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Torcs On Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles: Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Torcs On Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles: Tymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Organic Contaminants and Interactions with Micro- and Nano-Plastics in the Aqueous Environment: Review of Analytical Methods

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The GC injection was operated in split mode with a split ratio of 1:10. For the analysis of particles, the pyrolysis was performed in a single shot at 600 °C with the interface set at 280°C and split ratio 1:10 [29]. The chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions were as follows: 5 min isotherm at 50 °C, heating up to 180 °C at 12 °C/min, 2 min isotherm, heating up to 300 °C at 8 °C/min, and 20 min isotherm; 1.2 mL/min He (99.9995%) carrier gas; GC/MS interface temperature 280 °C and MS electron ionization voltage 70 eV.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calibration of the response of the pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) system used for PS quantification in the DCM extract was performed by analysing a set of PS solutions prepared starting from a 100 ppm solution of PS in DCM, then weighed amounts of calibration solution with a total PS content in the 20−150 µg range were loaded in the crucible and dried. The quantification was based on the response (GC/MS peak) for the fragment corresponding to the styrene dimer [29], which gave a linear regression of the experimental calibration (r 2 =0.9998), from which a limit of detection LOD=0.10 µg and a limit of quantification LOQ=0.35 µg (where LOD=3•SD/m and LOQ 10•SD/m, with SD standard deviation of the blank areas, and m slope of the calibration curve) could be calculated.…”

Section: Calibrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) of Microplastic Total Mass in Sediments of the Protected Marine Area of the Meloria Shoals

Castelvetro¹,

Corti²,

Nasa³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microplastics (MPs) quantification in benthic marine sediments is typically performed by time-consuming and moderately accurate mechanical separation and microscopy detection. In this paper we describe the results of our innovative Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) of microplastic total mass, previously tested on either less complex sandy beach sediment or less demanding (because of the high MPs content) wastewater treatment plant sludges, applied to the analysis of benthic sediments from a sublittoral area north-west of Leghorn (Tuscany, Italy). Samples were collected from two shallow sites characterized by coarse debris in a mixed seabed of Posidonia oceanica, and by a very fine silty-organogenic sediment, respectively. After sieving at &lt;2 mm the sediment was sequentially extracted with selective organic solvents and the two polymer classes polystyrene (PS) and polyolefins (PE and PP) were quantified by pyrolysis-GC/MS. A contamination in the 8-65 ppm range by PS could be accurately detected. Acid hydrolysis on the extracted residue to achieve total depolymerization of all natural and synthetic polyamides, tagging of all aminated species in the hydrolyzate with a fluorophore, and reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) analysis, allowed to quantify within the 137-1523 ppm range the individual mass of contaminating Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6, based on the detected amounts of the respective monomeric amines 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHA) and hexanediamine (HMDA). Finally, alkaline hydrolysis of the residue from acid hydrolysis followed by RP-HPLC analysis of the purified hydrolysate showed contamination by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the 12.1-2.7 ppm range, based on the content of its comonomer, terephthalic acid.

show abstract

Determination of microplastics in agricultural soil by double‐shot pyrolysis‐gas chromatography combined with two‐step extraction

Liu,

Pan,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method for the determination of five microplastics in agricultural soil was established by double‐shot pyrolysis‐gas chromatography combined with two‐step extraction. First, polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) were extracted from soil samples using a mixed solvent of cyclohexanone and p‐xylene, and then PE terephthalate was extracted with m‐methylphenol. Subsequently, PC and PE terephthalate were analyzed by thermochemolysis, and PE, PP, and PS were investigated by direct pyrolysis at 600°C. The linearity of the method was satisfactory for five microplastics and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.97 in the respective concentration range. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.2–10.0 and 0.5–20.0 μg/g, respectively. The method provided recoveries of 75.1%–141.5%, with acceptable repeatability within 20.0%. It was a supplementary method for the existing characterization of microplastics in agricultural soil.

show abstract

A review on challenges and developments of analytical pyrolysis and other thermoanalytical techniques for the quali-quantitative determination of microplastics

Cited by 94 publications

References 91 publications

Organic Contaminants and Interactions with Micro- and Nano-Plastics in the Aqueous Environment: Review of Analytical Methods

Organic Contaminants and Interactions with Micro- and Nano-Plastics in the Aqueous Environment: Review of Analytical Methods

Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) of Microplastic Total Mass in Sediments of the Protected Marine Area of the Meloria Shoals

Determination of microplastics in agricultural soil by double‐shot pyrolysis‐gas chromatography combined with two‐step extraction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About