A Review on Bovine Leptospirosis with Special Reference  to Seroprevalence in India

Prajapati, Awadhesh; Kushwaha, Ajit Kumar; Chayanika, D.; N, Subhashree; Varsha, P.; Márcia, Ana; Lahari, L.; Shankar, S.; Patel, Nikunj

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.205

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Leptospirosis is an important re-emerging zoonosis across the world [1,2]. In India, leptospirosis is endemic in both human and animal populations [3,4], with the country listed as a global hot spot [5] for the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathogenic serovars of Leptospira interrogans are the most common found in cattle [7,13], of note is Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo, which causes important reproductive losses and economic impacts at the farm level [1,13,14]. In India, vaccination against leptospirosis in cattle is currently not practiced [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous bovine studies have adopted a seroepidemiological approach, describing very different Leptospira spp. infection patterns across Indian states [1,[15][16][17]. Factors such as geographical locations [18], farm reproductive histories [12], and diagnostic methods used [19,20] all contribute to a varied understanding of bovine leptospirosis seroepidemiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptospira interrogans Serovar Hardjo Seroprevalence and Farming Practices on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in North Eastern India; Insights Gained from a Cross-Sectional Study

Leahy

Shome

Deka

et al. 2021

Dairy

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of major public health concern in India. Bovines play an important role in maintaining and transmitting this disease and proximity between dairy cows and humans makes the dairy cow-human nexus a transmission route of public health interest, yet one currently under-examined in North Eastern India. We report a cross-sectional survey carried out on small-scale dairy farms in the states of Assam and Bihar in North Eastern India investigating seroprevalence for Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo, the most common pathogenic serovar reported in cattle worldwide. Higher seroprevalence was reported on dairy farms in Bihar 4.5% (95% CI 2.6–7.5%) than in Assam 1.2% (95% CI 0.42–3.6%), but overall seroprevalence levels were low. The study is the first indication of leptospirosis circulating in small-scale dairy farms in these states. To correlate farming practices with zoonotic risk, we combined results from a dairy farmer questionnaire with cow seroprevalence. However, low seroprevalence levels found in this study made the identification of risk factors difficult. Nevertheless, poor farming practices around hygiene and biosecurity on dairy farms have been highlighted. Implementing simple measures could mitigate environmental contamination, and therefore, reduce the risk of Leptospira interrogans, and other zoonoses transmission, at the animal-environment-human interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptospira interrogans Serovar Hardjo Seroprevalence and Farming Practices on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in North Eastern India; Insights Gained from a Cross-Sectional Study

Leahy

Shome

Deka

et al. 2021

Dairy

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“…El aborto, la muerte fetal, el síndrome de caída de leche y la infertilidad son los principales signos clínicos y causas de pérdidas económicas relacionadas con la leptospirosis bovina como enfermedad reproductiva en las vacas, aunque los machos juegan un papel en la transmisión del patógeno, pero esto es poco conocido [14]. La mayoría de los estudios sobre la leptospirosis bovina en todo el mundo se han centrado en las hembras [19,31]. Las leptospiras pueden ser eliminadas por el semen y orina [1,7].…”

Section: Referencias Bibliográficasunclassified

Leptospirosis genital incidental en machos Bubalus bubalis del estado Portuguesa, Venezuela

Pérez-Gil¹,

Rivera

2023

RC FCV-LUZ

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La leptospirosis constituye una importante causa de infertilidad en bóvidos. En Bubalus bubalis, Leptospira spp. infecta el tejido renal, así como los órganos sexuales, por lo que puede excretarse, tanto en orina como en semen. Solo un número limitado de estudios en todo el mundo han investigado la seroprevalencia de la enfermedad en machos bovinos y los riesgos reproductivos relacionados con la eliminación del patógeno en el semen. Se reportan aquí los resultados de la evaluación serológica, microbiológica, seminal e histopatológica de machos bufalinos adultos del municipio Esteller, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, infectados naturalmente con Leptospira spp. Se evaluaron 17 búfalos mestizos Murrah de 40 meses de edad, previo al beneficio, con 500 kilos de peso promedio, no vacunados, a los cuales se les tomaron muestra de suero sanguíneo, orina, semen y se midió circunferencia escrotal junto a otros parámetros reproductivos. Exclusivamente 15 animales mostraron títulos entre 50 y 200 en la MAT, exclusivamente para L. hebdomadis. Los 2 animales negativos a MAT resultaron positivos en cultivo bacteriológico de orina o semen a Leptospira spp. De 6 animales beneficiados, MAT y bacteriológicamente positivos a leptospira en semen y orina, se extrajeron riñones, testículos y epidídimos para examen histopatológico. De epidídimos y riñónes se aislaron Leptospira spp., no así de testículos. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico histopatológico en testículo y epidídimo indicó degeneración de células seminíferas compatible con infección bacteriana. El riñón presentó nefritis intersticial crónica. Hubo disminución en el promedio de la circunferencia escrotal, baja intención de monta, baja concentración espermática, ausencia de ondas, pocos espermatozoides móviles, baja motilidad espermática y más de 30 % de mortalidad espermática de las muestras de semen evaluadas, indicando baja calidad del eyaculado. Las anomalías seminales mayores y menores superaron las escalas recomendadas para la especie. Se reportan aquí resultados exclusivos de búfalos machos infectados individualmente con L. hebdomadis, excretada por orina y semen, responsable de afectar el tracto reproductivo de manera incidental, ocasionando daños espermáticos, del epidídimo y daño renal, en una explotación mixta arrocera, con presencia de roedores, potenciales transmisores de la leptospirosis.

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“…It is also estimated that approximately 500,000 high-risk cases occur globally with a 30% fatality rate per annum [ 15 ]. Recent studies have demonstrated the global incidence of leptospirosis, as evidently demonstrated in Italy [ 16 ], Pakistan [ 17 ], Japan [ 18 ], Brazil [ 19 ], India [ 20 ] and Sri Lanka [ 21 ]. Records of epidemics were found widely spread between 2000 to 2010 in Nicaragua, Sri Lanka and Philippines [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospiral Infection, Pathogenesis and Its Diagnosis—A Review

et al. 2021

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Leptospirosis is a perplexing conundrum for many. In the existing literature, the pathophysiological mechanisms pertaining to leptospirosis is still not understood in full. Considered as a neglected tropical zoonotic disease, leptospirosis is culminating as a serious problem worldwide, seemingly existing as co-infections with various other unrelated diseases, including dengue and malaria. Misdiagnosis is also common as non-specific symptoms are documented extensively in the literature. This can easily lead to death, as the severe form of leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) manifests as a complex of systemic complications, especially renal failure. The virulence of Leptospira sp. is usually attributed to the outer membrane proteins, including LipL32. With an armament of virulence factors at their disposal, their ability to easily adhere, invade and replicate within cells calls for a swift refinement in research progress to establish their exact pathophysiological framework. As an effort to reconstitute the current knowledge on leptospirosis, the basis of leptospiral infection, including its risk factors, classification, morphology, transmission, pathogenesis, co-infections and clinical manifestations are highlighted in this review. The various diagnostic techniques are also outlined with emphasis on their respective pros and cons.

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A Review on Bovine Leptospirosis with Special Reference to Seroprevalence in India

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Leptospira interrogans Serovar Hardjo Seroprevalence and Farming Practices on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in North Eastern India; Insights Gained from a Cross-Sectional Study

Leptospira interrogans Serovar Hardjo Seroprevalence and Farming Practices on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in North Eastern India; Insights Gained from a Cross-Sectional Study

Leptospirosis genital incidental en machos Bubalus bubalis del estado Portuguesa, Venezuela

Leptospiral Infection, Pathogenesis and Its Diagnosis—A Review

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