Leptospira interrogans Serovar Hardjo Seroprevalence and Farming Practices on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in North Eastern India; Insights Gained from a Cross-Sectional Study

Leahy, Eithne; Shome, Rajeswari; Deka, Ram Pratim; Grace, Delia; Sahay, Swati; Lindahl, Johanna F.

doi:10.3390/dairy2020020

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The present study demonstrated age and health status of the animal were risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of leptospirosis. Our finding in respect to the age-wise prevalence was in agreement with earlier studies and Leahy et al (2021), who reported more seropositivity in older cattle. However, Dogonyaro et al (2020) found no significant association among the different age groups with bovine leptospirosis in South Africa.…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciences Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Leptospirosis in Dairy Farms

Menamvar¹,

Kumar²,

Belamaranahally³

et al. 2021

AAVS

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L eptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonosis, has emerged as a serious global veterinary and public health problem affecting the health of both animals and humans in tropical and subtropical countries (Costa et al., 2015). Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira and results in high morbidity and mortality (Ellis, 2015). The disease is prevalent in humans and a variety of mammalian hosts such as rodents, bovine, sheep, goats, dogs, Short communicationAbstract | Leptospirosis is one of the most economically important diseases of the cattle and buffaloes population worldwide and is caused by serovars of pathogenic Leptospira. A pilot study was conducted in some of the dairy farms located in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, endemic states of India, during 2017 to investigate the seropositivity of bovine leptospirosis in dairy animals and associated risk factors at the farm level. The semi-structured questionnaire was designed as per the literature and used to collect leptospirosis associated risk factors along with serum samples from eight non-vaccinated dairy herds. The collected serum samples (n=56) were examined for detection of leptospiral antibodies using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), the gold standard serological test. The Chi-square and odds ratio analyses were employed to identify the important risk factors for leptospirosis in dairy farms. The study revealed that the seroprevalence of bovine leptospirosis at an individual animal and farm level was 39.8% and 75%, respectively, associated with age (p=0.041) and the health status of the animal (p=0.0001) as the significant risk factors. The predominantly observed reacted serovars were Icterohemorrhagiae (31.8%), Hebdomadis (27.3%), Bangkinang (22.7%), Australis (18.2%), Djasiman, Hurstbridge, Panama, and Pyrogenes (13.6%). Further, studies are required to identify the appropriate farm level/animals level risk factors associated with bovine leptospirosis using large-scale sampling with a refined survey instrument tool.

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Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciences Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Leptospirosis in Dairy Farms

Menamvar¹,

Kumar²,

Belamaranahally³

et al. 2021

AAVS

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“…Alternatively, lower prevalences have been reported in some countries, it was 3% in North Eastern India 40 , 3.2% in Poland 41 , 13% in Tanzania 42 , 20.3% in Sri Lanka 43 , 31.3% in Brazil 44 , and 24.48% in southwestern Ethiopia 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Egypt

Selim,

Marzok,

Gattan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira and is one of causative agents of reproductive problems leading to negative economic impact on bovine worldwide. The goal of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in cattle in some governorates of Egypt's Nile Delta and assess the risk factors for infection. A total of 410 serum samples were collected from cattle and examined using microscopic agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 10.2% and the most prevalent serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Canicola. In addition, the potential risk factors were associated Leptospira spp. infection were age, herd size, history of abortion, presence of dogs and rodent control. Thus, leptospirosis is common in dairy cattle in the Nile Delta and the presence of rodents in feed and dog-accessible pastures increases the risk of Leptospira spp. infection among animals.

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“…and Leptospira spp. infection in urban/peri-urban areas than rural areas in Bihar and Assam [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]; these infections are considered as the main cause of the five selected reproductive problems [ 15 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…seroprevalence at herd level in Assam was 16.5% in contrast to 0.3% in Bihar [ 15 ], while herd level C. burnetii seroprevalence in Assam was 5.8% in contrast to 27.1% in Bihar and Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in Assam was 1.2% in comparison to 4.5% in Bihar [ 31 , 34 ]. All three infectious agents may cause reproductive problems with a similar presentation in dairy animals [ 43 , 53 , 54 ] and therefore it may not be wise to estimate the economic cost based on investigation of one infectious agent (say brucellosis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India

Deka

Magnusson

Randolph

et al. 2021

Animals

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Reproductive problems in dairy animals reduce fertility, prevent conception, create problems in the delivery of healthy calves, lead to postpartum complications, increase inter-calving periods, reduce milk yield, and lower overall lifetime productivity. This study aimed at understanding the incidence of reproductive problems and the cost caused by these. The study covered 954 dairy animals in Bihar and 1348 dairy animals in Assam that were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. The costs were calculated as the sum of income losses and expenditures incurred. The major cost incurred resulted from extended calving intervals (46.1% of the total cost), followed by loss through salvage selling (38.1%), expenditure for treatment of repeat breeders (5.9%), loss of milk production (5.3%) and expenditure for extra inseminations (2.0%). About one fifth of the selected reproductive problems were left untreated. The estimated cost of reproductive problems was Indian Rupees (INR) 2424.9 (USD 36.1) per dairy animal per year (of the total dairy animal population) which represented approximately 4.1% of the mean value loss of dairy animals (INR 58,966/USD 877) per year. Reproductive problems were significantly (p < 0.001) higher among improved (exotic breed or cross-bred) dairy animals than indigenous (native breed or nondescript indigenous) dairy animals. The study suggests that with the increase of improved dairy animal population, the loss may further increase. The study concludes that any economic estimation of reproduction problems based on aetiology without confirmatory diagnoses could be highly misleading because of the complex nature of the problems.

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Leptospira interrogans Serovar Hardjo Seroprevalence and Farming Practices on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in North Eastern India; Insights Gained from a Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Leptospirosis in Dairy Farms

Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Leptospirosis in Dairy Farms

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Egypt

Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India

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