A review on anion exchange membranes for fuel cells: Anion-exchange polyelectrolytes and synthesis strategies

Huang, Jiaqiang; Yu, Zongxue; Tang, Junlei; Wang, Pingquan; Tan, Qian; Wang, Juan; Lei, Xianzhang

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.140

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…AEMs are mainly composed of a polymer backbone and cations. 5 Common polymer frameworks are polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polysulfone (PSF), polybenzimidazole (PBI), polystyrene (PS), poly(styrene− ethylene/butene−styrene) (SEBS), and so on. 6−8 However, some studies have shown that due to working under alkaline conditions, the polymer backbone containing heteroatoms is easily attacked by OH − , resulting in extremely poor chemical stability, while the pure carbon chain polymer backbone without heteroatoms can enhance the alkaline resistance of AEMs very well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, improving the alkali resistance, mechanical properties, and ionic conductivity of AEMs has become the focus of research. AEMs are mainly composed of a polymer backbone and cations . Common polymer frameworks are polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polysulfone (PSF), polybenzimidazole (PBI), polystyrene (PS), poly(styrene–ethylene/butene–styrene) (SEBS), and so on. − However, some studies have shown that due to working under alkaline conditions, the polymer backbone containing heteroatoms is easily attacked by OH – , resulting in extremely poor chemical stability, while the pure carbon chain polymer backbone without heteroatoms can enhance the alkaline resistance of AEMs very well. , Due to the special structure of alternating soft and hard and the characteristics of the full carbon chain skeleton, SEBS is very helpful to construct an obvious microphase separation structure and improve alkali stability and has shown a huge application potential in the research of AEMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Styrene–Ethylene/Butene–Styrene Consist of Two Grafting Forms: N Heterocyclic Cations with Alkyl Intervals and Flexible Long Hydrophobic Side Chains

Wang

Zhang

Sang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In view of the problems of poly(styrene–ethylene/butene–styrene) (SEBS) being difficult to dissolve and poor mechanical properties, a series of SEBS-C16D60-DMHP-X (X represents the cationic graft ratio, 20–40%) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been prepared. Graft hydrophobic long chains were applied onto the SEBS skeleton to change its solubility, introducing hydrophobic long chains to help construct microphase separation structures and improve ion conductivity (up to 110.22 mS cm–1). The combination of the rigid ring structure in the ring cation with an alkyl spacer and the toughness of the SEBS skeleton, as well as the free folding of alkyl chains, greatly improved the mechanical properties of the AEM, and the swelling ratio of the membrane is well controlled (25.31%, at 80 °C). The alkaline resistance (conductivity decreased only 10.29% after 1400 h of immersion at 80 °C in 2 M NaOH solution) also continuously increased. The structure of this AEM will provide a very meaningful reference for the development of AEMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Styrene–Ethylene/Butene–Styrene Consist of Two Grafting Forms: N Heterocyclic Cations with Alkyl Intervals and Flexible Long Hydrophobic Side Chains

Wang

Zhang

Sang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…The presence of water molecules in the AEM influences the OH − ion transportation [ 51 ]. In both cases, the membrane choice is highly important for obtaining excellent fuel cell performances [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Commonly, the following requirements must be considered for efficient membrane candidates [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, the membrane choice is highly important for obtaining excellent fuel cell performances [52][53][54][55][56]. Commonly, the following requirements must be considered for efficient membrane candidates [56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments on Bioinspired Cellulose Containing Polymer Nanocomposite Cation and Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFC and AFC)

Thangarasu

2022

Polymers

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Hydrogen fuel cell (FC) technologies are being worked on as a possible replacement for fossil fuels because they produce a lot of energy and do not pollute the air. In FC, ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are the vital components for ion transport between two porous electrodes. However, the high production cost of commercialized membranes limits their benefits. Various research has focused on cellulose-based membranes such as IEM with high proton conductivity, and mechanical, chemical, and thermal stabilities to replace the high cost of synthetic polymer materials. In this review, we focus on and explain the recent progress (from 2018 to 2022) of cellulose-containing hybrid membranes as cation exchange membranes (CEM) and anion exchange membranes (AEM) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and alkaline fuel cells (AFC). In this account, we focused primarily on the effect of cellulose materials in various membranes on the functional properties of various polymer membranes. The development of hybrid membranes with cellulose for PEMFC and AFC has been classified based on the combination of other polymers and materials. For PEMFC, the sections are associated with cellulose with Nafion, polyaryletherketone, various polymeric materials, ionic liquid, inorganic fillers, and natural materials. Moreover, the cellulose-containing AEM for AFC has been summarized in detail. Furthermore, this review explains the significance of cellulose and cellulose derivative-modified membranes during fuel cell performance. Notably, this review shows the vital information needed to improve the ion exchange membrane in PEMFC and AFC technologies.

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“…The question of stability of ion exchange membranes during operation is also important for other applications such as anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers [ 31 ], fuel cells [ 32 ] and redox flow batteries [ 33 ], where both high chemical stability and mechanical strength are required. One of the approaches attempted for fuel cells is the introduction of functionalized graphene oxide as crosslinking agent due to formation of the π-π bonds [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Stability of Electrochemical Properties of Layer-by-Layer Coated Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

et al. 2022

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Layer-by-layer adsorption allows the creation of versatile functional coatings for ion exchange membranes, but the stability of the coating and resulting properties of modified membranes in their operation is a frequently asked question. This paper examines the changes in voltammetric curves of layer-by-layer coated cation exchange membranes and pH-metry of desalination chamber with a studied membrane and an auxiliary anion exchange membrane after short-term tests, including over-limiting current modes. The practical operation of the membranes did not affect the voltammetric curves, but enhanced the generation of H+ and OH− ions in a system with polyethylenimine modified membrane in Ca2+ containing solution. It is shown that a distinction between the voltammetric curves of the membranes modified and the different polyamines persists during the operation and that, in the case of polyethylenimine, there is an additional zone of growth of potential drop in voltammetric curves and stronger generation of H+ and OH− ions as indicated by pH-metry.

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A review on anion exchange membranes for fuel cells: Anion-exchange polyelectrolytes and synthesis strategies

Cited by 61 publications

References 156 publications

Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Styrene–Ethylene/Butene–Styrene Consist of Two Grafting Forms: N Heterocyclic Cations with Alkyl Intervals and Flexible Long Hydrophobic Side Chains

Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Styrene–Ethylene/Butene–Styrene Consist of Two Grafting Forms: N Heterocyclic Cations with Alkyl Intervals and Flexible Long Hydrophobic Side Chains

Recent Developments on Bioinspired Cellulose Containing Polymer Nanocomposite Cation and Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFC and AFC)

Short-Term Stability of Electrochemical Properties of Layer-by-Layer Coated Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

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