In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of perovskite film formation mechanism and highlight the important role of nucleation/crystal growth in perovskite photovoltaics by using scalable solution deposition techniques.

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Lithium ion conducting polymer electrolyte films based on biodegradable poly(εcaprolactone) (PCL) complexed with lithium thiocyanate (LiSCN) salt were prepared by solution cast technique. Thermal and electrical properties of the polymer electrolyte films were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and AC impedance spectroscopy. In order to investigate the ion conduction mechanism and relaxation behavior of complex polymer electrolyte films, the conductivity, dielectric constant, loss tangent and electric modulus were analyzed as a function of frequency and temperature. The variation of conductivity with frequency obeyed the Johnscher"s power law. The dielectric constant exhibited a higher value at a lower frequency and increased with rising temperature due to the polar nature of host polymer. The activation energies for both DC conductivity and relaxation had the same value (~0.87 eV), implying that the charge carriers responsible for both conduction and relaxation were the same.

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